Gender Identity And Its Effects On Mental And Physical Health

Gender identity, as defined in Webster’s Dictionary is, â€Å"the totality of physical and behavioral traits that are designated by a culture as masculine or feminine† (Webster, 2014). The first words said in the delivery room are often â€Å"it’s a boy!† or â€Å"it’s a girl!† Intersex children, who fall in between the scientific gender spectrum for male or female, are put through genital mutilation surgery and hormone treatment to abide by one of the two categories. Children who are born with an intersex condition where reproductive or sexual anatomy that do not fit typical females or a typical male’s norms should not have sex assignment surgery performed. This should be decided by the child when they are mature enough to make that decision for themselves. This is morally wrong because the social and cultural need to place intersex individual’s into the category of one sex or the other can have negative impact on their mental and physical health and many of the surgeries done on intersexed infants were done more for the benefit of parents, healthcare practitioners, and society, than for the infant. In the long run, this surgery done at such a young age can cause an unstable quality of life filled with shame and a feeling of exclusion from society along with the possibility of losing sexual functions. I will be mentioning evidence of cases that demonstrate that it’s impossible for intersex individuals who have had sex reassignment surgery that it did not help them identify with the restShow MoreRelatedGay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgendered Youth ( Lgbt )1610 Words   |  7 Pagesof this paper is to address various types of discrimination among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered youth (LGBT). 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Sociological Imagination An Important Part Of...

The first part of this chapter illustrates the basics of sociology and describes the social structures as an important part of understanding society. According to Gould and Lewis, social structures are norms that are not directly stated in society and create basic set of rules that individuals follow, depending on the norms he/she believes in. One has to adapt into society and its norms in order to socialize with others. Agencies are implemented in society by choices one makes according to what he or she thinks is what they want to be recognized as depending on the effort they put in. An individual creates their unique personalities and behaviors according to socialization, which are interactions with others that helps develop individual characteristics. A well known sociologist C. Wright Mills, uses all these terms to create sociological imagination that involves personal and public issues. Sociological imagination focuses on problems that society faces as whole which impacts individual’s lives, than just focusing on personal issues caused by mistakes one makes him/herself. Sociology is a concept that makes individuals think beyond their personal problems and more into how history and other structures play a part in defining society and its norms. Society shapes individuals into beliefs that they are exposed to by their relationship with others which widens his/ her perspective from what one grew up believing. Individuals build up different ways of interpreting a societalShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills969 Words   |  4 Pages Wright Mills defined sociological imagination as the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society. Understanding and being able to exercis e the sociological imagination helps us understand the relationship between the individual and society. 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Benefits of Lean Operation for the Organization Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Benefit of Lean Operation for the Organization. Answer: The maingoalof organizations is to make profit and the management team does formulate tomake surethat their limited resources are effectively used. Lean management is a new concept that is being incorporated in operation tomake surethat the organizationsmeettheir full potential. According toSwink,Melnyk, Cooper and Hartley 2011, lean management refers to streamlining operations toeliminatewastes andmake sureeffectiveness. There are seven types of wastes that hinder organizations from achieving their full potential which are transport, overproduction, over processing, defects, motion and inventory. Salisad is a company that deals with the manufacture of fertilizer. The company is located in Central Tilba, Australia and has been in operation for 4 years. The management has faced challenges with respect to ensuring their operations are efficient to meet their customers orders. One of the most prominent wastes is inventory, the company has a lot of raw materials in their warehouse lying idle waiting for the manufacturing department to place their order. Having extra raw materials is beneficial to the company since it ensures that they will not halt their production due to lack of resources. Despite this fact, the cons of having a large inventory supersede the benefits that the company accrues from having it. The finances thatare investedin purchasing extra raw materials and security measures for the warehouse couldhave been channelledinto other core operations. Inventory is more of a menace for organization since it doesneedthe company tobuild alarge warehouse that can hold the raw materials and the excess fertilizer. According toLyssonand Farrington 2012, large inventory is anindicationof poor planning by the management. verproduction is the second problem that is facing the company. The company tends to produce more fertilizer anticipating that he marketing done will increase the demand for fertilizer. The marketing done by the organization has helped to increase the demand and their sales but this is not enough. Each fiscal year the company has extra fertilizer that was not purchased in their warehouse. In 2016, the company had to halt their production for 6 months tomake surethat the stock that theyhad beencompletely sold. The step taken by the management had a negative impact on the image of the company. The sales of the companyduring the perioddecreased tremendously forcing the company tocutthe sales of their fertilizer tomake surethat they got rid of the stock they had. The third form of wastage that the company experiences does manifest itself in form of transportation. Transportation in the company takes place often because the warehouseisfar from the company. The warehouse is closer to the town to allow the farmers who place their orders in the company to have easy access to the fertilizer. The company when deciding torelocatethe warehouse closer to the customer it was considering ensuring that customer satisfactionwas guaranteed. The opportunity cost for the company was to make sure that the customers were able to get their orders on time while sacrificing ease of production. The company therefore does incur additional cost in transporting raw materials to the manufacturing point. After manufacturing, the fertilizer still hasto betransported back to the warehouse for the customers to buy them. This aspect does result in the wastage of resources bySalisadCompany. The fourth wastage does manifest itself in motion. Motion refers to movement within the company from one place to another (Lean Manufacturing Tools, 2017). The structure of the offices in the company does make it hard for the employees to resist from moving from one place to another. In addition, common resources like printers, photocopying machines and kitchenareat distinctive places making it difficult for employees to resist moving.The movement fromone place to another does waste time that the employees could have used in doing constructive business work. The fifth type of waste is defects that do manifest itself in the form of poor fertilizer developed when the wrong measuresare mixedin the production offertilizer. Fertilizer requires distinctive ratios toensurethat the will support plant growth when they are used in planting. The use of wrong ratios or components often results in defective fertilizer that does impact negatively the farmers produce. At times the internal quality inspector does detect the mishap before the fertilizers are taken to the customers but at other times the company has to do damage control. The damage control often involves refunding the customers their money or providing them with new fertilizer delivered to their farms directly. In other words, the aspect does not only affectthe reputation ofthe company but also causes them to lose finances in damage management. The sixth waste deals with over processing which is a minimal problem in the company. The over processingis easy to managesince theSalisadCompany has employed modern machinery that ensures that the fertilizersare processedwithin the set time. The machinery reducesthe chance ofover processing the fertilizer which may weaken its effective during planting. Waiting is the last type of waste and it does affect the company on a dismal process. The company has excess stock of fertilizer which ensures that they are able to meet the demand of their customers. In addition, they rarely run out of raw materials since they have their warehouse stocked with raw materials required in the production of fertilizer. After discussing the problems that Salisad Company is dealing with it is important to focus on the solution which involves the application of lean management. As discussed in the introduction lean management does introduce efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of any organization. Lean management has five principles which are elimination of waste, continuous improvement, human value, just in time, quality, and levelled production (Lean-manufacturing-junction.com., 2017) The waste discussed in the paper can easily be eliminated throughthe introduction ofjust in time (JIT) concepts. JIT in the case ofSalisadCompany does focus on delivering the raw materials and the produced fertilizer when and where the manufacturing department needs it.It does work by thepullconcept which evolves the customer stimulating the supply chain process. The customers place their orders and the company does take the requests and order raw materials to produce the fertilizer required by the customers (Just-In-Time., 2017). The principle will make sure that the company reduces their waste in form of inventory. The resources invested in inventorycan beused to strengthen the operations of the company. Furthermore, it also reduces wastes of over production and over processing since the manufacturing department gets a specified amount of raw materials (Just-In-Time., 2017). The materialsare calculatedtoensurethat they are able to meet the needs of the end customer. The second principle deals with levelling production where the production work is constant . The company canachievethis through creating a seamless distribution network with their suppliers and wholesalers. This will make sure that once fertilizer productionis completedwithin the company itis deliveredon time to the end customer. Additionally, the company needs to introduce an enterprise resource planning software (ERP) that willcoordinatethe communication within the company. The ERP system does synchronize communication allowing the departments to have access to common information (ArnheiterandMaleyeff, 2005) The software will enable the sales and marketing department to communicate the number of customer orders. The manufacturing department will use the information to calculate the raw materials required to meet this demand. The information will be communicated to the procurement and logistics department who will source for the suitable suppliers and deliver the materials to the company. The last step is the finance department stepping in to pay the suppliers. The manufacturing of fertilizers is a continuous process that requires constant improvement toensurethat the technology the company is using is up to date. Continuous improvement ensures that the company is able to detect any deviation from the principles set in place and apply corrective actions on time. Continuous improvement through research will make sure that the company improves its production. Better production will then lead to an increase in the sales of the company in the long run (ArnheiterandMaleyeff, 2005). Furthermore, the company should focus on training their staff on the improved ways of managing various processes within the company. It is achievable through encouraging employees to attend regular seminars held by the company or professional bodies in the state. The seminars not onlyprovidethe employees with a chance to broaden their knowledge but also to network hence building useful contacts for the company (Radnor, Walley, Stephens, andBucci, 2006). Additionally, the management should introduce performance review process in the company. The performance reviews will aid the company in setting soundobjectiveswith respect to their goals. The performance reviews will clearly highlight areas thatrequireattention to make sure that the employees and the management team are all working towards achieving the goals of the company. In addition, it willensurethat the reward system employed inSalisadCompany is fair and free from any prejudice (Radnor et al, 2006). Despite the fact that the organization wants to streamline its operations value for humanity comes into play to regulate how they carry out the process. Value for humanity revolves around ensuring that the employees get a fair wage, suitable working conditions, and policy instituted toensurefair treatment at the place of work. Employees are vital in ensuring the internal processes of the organization areeffective. When employees are fairlytreated then they are willing to work to improve not only themselves but also the company.SalisadCompany deals with the manufacture of fertilizer, theyhave tomake surethat they clean their toxic waste before releasing it to the environment. The aspect willensurethat they safeguard the health and the livelihood of the poor living near the company (Radnor et al, 2006). The company also has a social obligation toensurethat they engage in various activities to better the way of life of the people around them. They canprovide them withinternship opportunities, employment,assistin building hospitals and schools among other activities. The last concept in lean management deals with quality improvement. Quality hasto bebuilt-into the processes of the company with respect to the industry standards.SalisadCompany already has an internal quality manager who doesensurethat the fertilizer manufactured meets the set industry standards. In spite of this the company is still lacking in the aspect of quality management. The company needs to carry out an overhaul of their system toinstitutemodern technological system that will enable them to detect defects in production before they occur (Goetschand Davis, 2014).The detection ofthe defect in the ratios being used orcomponentwillreducethe losses the companyhas incurredin production of poor fertilizer. Additionally, it will also improve the efficiency of the company in meeting their customers deadliness. Furthermore,SalisadCompany needs to invest in benchmarking process. Benchmarking refers to comparing the operations of the company with other industry leaders and adopting the best practices to enable the company improve in its operations (Goetschand Davis, 2014).SalisadCompany has not been in the industry for long they have a lot to learn from the industry best performers. An external institution can carry out the benchmarking toeliminateany biasness. In conclusion, based on the discussions in the paperthe importance oflean management to Salisad cannot be down played.The implementation ofthe suggested lean principles will enable the company toeliminateany hurdles that have hindered its progress. In addition, it will enable the company to effectively use their limited resources to meet their businessobjectives. References Arnheiter, E.D. Maleyeff, J., (2005). The integration of lean management and Six Sigma. The TQM magazine, 17(1), pp 5-18 Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48(2), 3-6. Bhasin, S. (2015). Lean and performance management. In Lean Management Beyond Manufacturing Beyond Manufacturing (pp.11-137). Springer International Publishing Fullerton, RR., Kennedy, F. A. Widener,S.K., (2014). Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting principles. Journal of Operations Management, 32(7), pp. 414-428 Goetsch, D. L Davis, S. B., (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Pearson. Just-In-Time. (2017). Just-In-Time. The Economist. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.economist.com/node/1396392 Lean Manufacturing Tools. (2017). 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.leanmanufacturingtools.org/77/the-seven-wastes Lean-manufacturing-junction.com. (2017).Lean Manufacturing Principles. Retrieved 9 April 2017, https://www.lean-manufacturing-junction.com/lean-manufacturing-principles.html. Lysons K., Farrington B.,(2012). Purchasing And Supply Chain Management. Eighth Edition. Pearson Education Limited. Martinez-Jurado,P.J., Moyano-Fuentes,J. (2014).Lean management,supply chain management and sustainability. A literature review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 134-150 Murphy, P. Wood, D. (2008). Contemporary Logistics. Ninth Edition. Prentice Hall of India. Nguyen, D.M. (2015). A new application model of lean management in small and medium sized enterprises. Radnor,Z., Walley,P., Stephens, A. Bucci, G., (2006). Evaluation of the lean approach to business management and its use in the public sector. Scottish executive social research, 20 Swink M., Melnyk M., Cooper B., Hartley, J. (2011). Managing Operations across The Supply Chain (International Student Edition), McGraw Hill Tang, C. S., Zimmerman, J. D., Nelson, J. I. (2009, January). Managing new product development and supply chain risks: The Boeing 787 case. In Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal (Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 74-86). Taylor Francis. Vella, D. (2012). Using technology to improve supply chain management. Article on Business process management training and supply chain managemen

Robert Frost Poem Analysis free essay sample

Guiding Question: What do the speakers of Frosts poems reveal about themselves through the stories they tell? About Repeated items (theme, diction) Tone (through diction) Words (genre, metaphor, simile, imagery, etc. ) Alliteration (sound created) Rhyme (end rhyme- group ideas, internal rhyme- strengthen idea + emphasizes, masculine rhyme- rhyming syllables are stressed and feminine rhyme- rhyming syllables are unstressed) Rhythm Structure Prosody- technical aspects of a poem I. . Rhyme scheme, rhythmic pattern, meter, structural . Dust of Snow By Robert Frost published in 1923 New Hampshire Diction: Crow: symbol for death * Dust: when we die, we turn to dust * Hemlock: poisonous, also used by witches Dark diction shows he had a bad day. Setting: * Winter- dead season, supports dark diction. Snow is cold, and it also makes the setting more melancholic. Dark season Contrast and paradoxical nature contributing to a positive result (as we can see from the change as it transcends to the second stanza) Plot twist in a poem: Volta Structure: * 2 stanzas (quatrains) to show 2 different moods * 1 sentence to show that it is the same event, but separated into two stanzas to show the cause and effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Frost Poem Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8 line poem: Octet Tone: * Light, happy Overall meaning: Some bad things may lead to the good things. What is negative could be perceive as positive. Persona experiences seemingly negative effects with a positive outcome Much Madness is divines Sense By Emily Dickinson 1924 The Poetry of Emily Dickinson 1830, Massachusetts. Often spent most of her time isolated. By sass, Dickinson lived in almost total physical isolation from the outside world. About: What is often declared madness is actually the most profound kind of sanity. It is considered madness not by reason, but by what the majority thinks. Suicide * Darkest evening of the year- depression * Make hole in the river * And miles to go before I sleep 2 Temptation * Woods: dark chapter, challenge and mysteries * Journey: his life * The woods are lovely dark and deep * But I have promises to keep- promises: responsibilities out Life is full of temptations. Everyone have his or her own challenges. Even in the darkest hours, there is always someone there. The road to hell is usually coated in good temptations. The man has been tempted. Snow- no clear way Even though he was encountering a dark time, he was still able to pick himself up and move on, and let go of the darkness. Fire and Ice peg 241 By Robert Frost from New Hampshire (published in 1923) Literal meaning: The end of the world * Fire= nuclear war, sun exploding * Ice= the world freezing Teenage paradigm: * Isolation * Loosing senses * Death * Failure * Prohibition Fire I Ice I Anger I Numbness I Pain I Backstab I Bravery I Isolation I Determination I Apathy I Passion I Cold I Jealousy I Indifference I Rhyme: ABACAS End rhymes: to connect ideas * Fire desire passion. Ire : anger * Ice, twice, suffice okay.. * Hate, great hate is great * Note Not an even feeling = uncertain * Sciatic To show that fire and ice are the same, compressed * Enjambment To show feelings are pressured * Iambic Heartbeat emotions of the poem * No metric structure Destruction of structure * Masculine Feminine rhymes Fire and ice Alliteration * Ice, suffice Sibilance evil, cunning * Favor, fire bias Anaphora * Some say * Fire and ice to show equality Symbolism * Fire: anger, passion * Ice: isolation, numbness, apathy Imagery * Kinesthesia Tone * Uncertainty Point of view * First person, limited I think I know ->supports uncertainty Too much of something and lack of something are equally destructive. Transformation = WHY The world will end twice e. G. The world ended in water Noshs ark, may end in fire. Destruction happens twice when people are given a second chance. It is inevitable. The speaker has encountered hate, and he knows that it is great and powerful. The speaker prefers for the world to end in fire, but wants to experience both. The Road Not Taken peg 234 By Robert Frost from Mountain Interval (published in 1916) Literal meaning: 2 roads * Woods; to create the aura of mystery, Just like the mystery of choices. * Autumn; shows season change, and in autumn it is the season that shows wisdom. * Morning; it is the beginning off new day, so it is to show that making a choice is also the beginning of something. Symbols * Road : Lifes Journey * Diverging road: choices * Woods: mystery * Morning: beginning (making a choice is the beginning of something) Long I stood To where it bent in the undergrowth Sometimes in life you cant see where the road goes (where the choices in life will dead you to) meet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back Choices lead to other choices, which makes it hard to take back l shall be telling this with a sigh This: story Sigh: regret The 2 roads/choices are in fact the same-> Just as fair equally lay/ Choices in life are not always good and bad; sometimes its Just what makes us US. * 5 lines: quintal * Stanza * Rhyme: Caesura * Iambic tetrameter: * Hypermarket * 4 stanza: shows the process 1 . Stops 2. Looks 3. Chooses 4. Nostalgia * Pastoral poetry (poem about nature) Repetition: 8 ands Imagery: * Visual- mellow wood * Kinesthesia- telling this with a sigh The speaker is a traveler. The speakers choices then made him who en is now. Metaphor I Make something foreign familiar I I Simplify I I Visualize I I Readers can relate/transact I Rhymes: 1. Internal rhyme 2. End rhyme- groups ideas together 3. Half rhyme- slightly the sounds the same e. G. Pine, time deception e. G. Mead, bread 5. Full rhyme- creates a message/idea e. G. Meet, feet 6. Feminine rhyme- (unstressed) sensitivity 7. Masculine rhyme- (stressed) aggression DEBATE Moot court Vocabulary: . Visual rhyme- * Moot= assertion that you will be arguing in favor of or against side or team supporting the moot * Negative= side or team against the moot * Adjudicator= Judge of the debate * Ethos= ethical or morality * Logos= logic or fact * Pathos= emotion * Fallacy= mistaken belief * Red Herring= misleading Key to debate: * Well research facts * Logical arguments. Debate outline: * Affirmative= * As an individual, we have a right to follow the medias ideals or not. Evolves around individuals. * Without individuals there is no media. * We dont usually buy things in advertisements. Media is a tool to interact the society (individuals to individuals). Define, defining is the act of giving meaning to. * Media Media is the main meaner to mass communication such as radio, television, internet, and newspapers that disseminate information to the public. Radio, television, in ternet, and newspapers are run by the government or private firms, which meaner that they are actually owned and driven by a group of people. This makes the media often bias. The fact that the media are actually driven by people too, it meaner that its actually other individuals that define us, not the media because the media is Just the medium or the people to reach to us. Media is man-made, that is why without individuals, there is actually no media. The media also revolves around individuals, so with no media, there is no source to be publicized. Now that you think about it, isnt it actually people who give meaning to media, instead of the other way around? Summary: Media does not define us completely; it is not the only thing that defines Education, environment, and other things also contribute in defining ourselves. We humans also have genes that we inherit from our ancestors. She said influence, while the statement is define. Stereotype is actually created by people, not the media. Even though media popularized the trends, it still meaner that media is Just the tool. Influencing is the first step to defining an individual that meaner you agree media have not defined individuals yet. What backbone site, and are you influenced yourself.

Free Essays on Terri Schiavo

What happened to Terri? On March 31, 2005 at 9:05 a.m., a forty one year old woman, by the name of Teresa (Terri) Marie Schiavo died after her fifteen year struggle to live. The death of Ms. Schiavo became very political and controversial because of the court order finally being implemented to remove her feeding tube. Yes, at one point in time, Ms. Schiavo was a beautiful, healthy, and energetic human being. She could perform tasks by herself and was able to care for herself. She did, although, have an eating disorder. In 1990, she suddenly collapsed with brain damage and fell into a persistent vegetative state because of an unknown potassium deficiency and could no longer perform tasks or take care of herself. Who has ever heard of someone collapsing from a heart attack due to a potassium deficiency? From 1990 to 2005, there had been a major legal court battle on the removal of her feeding tube. On April 24, 2001, Terri’s tube was removed for the first time but re-inserted two days later. The second time her tube was removed was on October 15, 2003 and also re-inserted six days later; but on March 18, 2005, her tube was finally removed for good (www.miami.edu/ethics/schiavo/timeline.htm). America helplessly watched as she starved to death thirteen days later. During her death and still today, many Americans are torn because of her case. Was the court wrong for having the tube removed? How is it morally right for the court system to have the power to save or kill handicapped people? Does religion have a side on the preserving of life in Terri’s case? Is it technology’s responsibility for keeping alive a human being that is incapable of living independently? These are very tough questions that are difficult to answer, and result in great controversy, but in the end it was wrong for the court to remove her feeding tube and kill a handicapped person. Martinez, 2 The court was wrong for having the tube removed and it is unmora... Free Essays on Terri Schiavo Free Essays on Terri Schiavo What happened to Terri? On March 31, 2005 at 9:05 a.m., a forty one year old woman, by the name of Teresa (Terri) Marie Schiavo died after her fifteen year struggle to live. The death of Ms. Schiavo became very political and controversial because of the court order finally being implemented to remove her feeding tube. Yes, at one point in time, Ms. Schiavo was a beautiful, healthy, and energetic human being. She could perform tasks by herself and was able to care for herself. She did, although, have an eating disorder. In 1990, she suddenly collapsed with brain damage and fell into a persistent vegetative state because of an unknown potassium deficiency and could no longer perform tasks or take care of herself. Who has ever heard of someone collapsing from a heart attack due to a potassium deficiency? From 1990 to 2005, there had been a major legal court battle on the removal of her feeding tube. On April 24, 2001, Terri’s tube was removed for the first time but re-inserted two days later. The second time her tube was removed was on October 15, 2003 and also re-inserted six days later; but on March 18, 2005, her tube was finally removed for good (www.miami.edu/ethics/schiavo/timeline.htm). America helplessly watched as she starved to death thirteen days later. During her death and still today, many Americans are torn because of her case. Was the court wrong for having the tube removed? How is it morally right for the court system to have the power to save or kill handicapped people? Does religion have a side on the preserving of life in Terri’s case? Is it technology’s responsibility for keeping alive a human being that is incapable of living independently? These are very tough questions that are difficult to answer, and result in great controversy, but in the end it was wrong for the court to remove her feeding tube and kill a handicapped person. Martinez, 2 The court was wrong for having the tube removed and it is unmora...

French Food Idioms

French Food Idioms Food is a very important subject in France. We always discuss food, especially when we are eating! The French also commonly use some hilarious food-based idioms which would be quite difficult to guess if you didnt know them.   1 - French Food Idiom: Avoir un Coeur dArtichaut To Have an Artichoke Heart   To be Very Sensitive This means to be very sensitive. To cry easily. Maybe because when cooked, the artichoke heart becomes soft, although the artichoke itself has pricks. So the heart is well hidden under prickly leaves, just like someone hiding his sensitive side. This idiom goes well with another one: à ªtre un dur cuir - to be hard to cook to be a tough guy. Pierre a lair dà ªtre un dur cuir, mais en fait, il a un vrai coeur dartichaut.Pierre looks like a tough guy, but in reality he is really sensitive. 2 - French Food Idiom: Raconter des Salades To Tell Salads   To tell long tales, lies Arrà ªte de dire nimporte quoi : je sais bien que tu racontes des salades !Stop speaking nonsense: I know you are lying! 3 - French Food Idiom: Ramener sa Fraise To Bring Back Your Strawberry   To Impose When Not Wanted La fraise - strawberry is a long time synonym for face. So ramener sa fraise means to show up, to impose yourself when not expected / invited. Regarde ! Voil Jean ! Celui-l, il ramà ¨ne toujours sa fraise au moment du dà ®ner. Comme cest bizarre.Look! Here comes Jean! This guy, he always shows up at dinner time. How Strange... 4 - Avoir La frite / la pche / la banane / la patate To have the French-fry / the peach / the banana / the potato   To Feel Great We have many idioms to say to feel great. These four words are interchangeable and very commonly used in French. Je ne sais pas comment tu fais pour avoir la pà ªche le matin. Moi, je suis toujours creuvà ©e.I dont know how to do to be full of energy in the morning. Myself, Im always exhausted. 5 - En Faire Tout un Fromage To Make a Whole Cheese Out of It.   To Make a Mountain Out of a Molehill Ça suffit ! Je me suis dà ©j excusà ©e : arrà ªte den faire tout un fromage !Enough! I already said I was sorry: stop making a mountain out of a molehill! 6 - Les Carottes sont Cuites = Cest la fin des Haricots The carrots are cooked/its the end of the beans.   There is no More hope. This must be one of the most obscure French idioms. Even so that it is said that les carottes sont cuites was used as a code during the war. In any case, both these idioms may be explained by the fact that the food they refer to carrots and beans are cheap, and are the last resort food. If there is none left, its starvation. Thats why they are linked to lost hope. Cest fini, la France a perdu. Les carottes sont cuites.Its the end, France lost. There is no more hope. 7 - Mle-toi de Tes Oignons ! Mix with Your Own Onions   Mind Your Own Business Apparently, â€Å"les oignons† is a familiar term for â€Å"les fesses† (buttocks) due to their round shape. The expression â€Å"occupe-toi de tes fesses† being a bit vulgar, but very used as well. We also say mà ªle-toi / occupe-toi de tes affaires which is an exact translation of mind your own business. Alors, c’est vrai ce que j’ai entendu ? Tu sors avec Bà ©atrice maintenant ?Is it true what I’ve heard? You’re going out with Beatrice now? Mà ªle-toi de tes oignons !  Mind your own business! ​More About the French onion

External Enviroment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Enviroment - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to explain how big companies can affect the government role as an external environment. The government stipulates policies on how and when companies should remit their taxes. Big companies are key contributors to tax collection and when they remit the tax as per the regulation, the government is able to finance other expenses (Claire 13). This enhances government performance. Big companies are likely to have outlets all over wide region of the sphere and still a wide range of products. The explanation of this is that the company will have a lot of product transportation from one region to another or even to its scattered customers. Consequently, roads will wear out more often than not hence that government has to keep on replacing the worn out roads. Although this keeps the government on its toes to in making sure that roads are in good state, this affects the government budget negatively as it has to look for finances and may lead to borrowing (Hardgrave 15). A big company like coca cola uses big and heavy commercial trailers to transport product to its outlets, such trailers speed up the wear and tear of a road. Big organizations are powerful in government during policy formulation and adherence. They have a lot of information from the market which they can use to assist government on decisions. Such advice help the government n make informed decisions (Hardgrave 32). Big companies are likely to carry out activities in more than one country. This shows that it has a big volume of resources and can execute government regulations on product control with ease. For example, if the government passes a bill stipulating that the company should use anew packaging, it becomes easier for bigger companies to pull resources together and act accordingly. Contrarily, big companies can pull its wide range of resources to challenge legally some of

XYZ (Pvt) Ltd Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

XYZ (Pvt) Ltd Case Study - Essay Example According to the company’s view, there are many basic aspects to be referred and people to be approached before the actual proceedings begin. At this juncture, the management can be advised by every aspect that they see the name and the knowhow are protected from being used by others. Since the scope of the scope of the product is promising and profitable in the long run and also while considering its unprecedented features, there seems every chance of this product getting a hit on the sales chart shortly. Taking into account all the possible features and benefits of getting the brand name and the patent registered, there needs a detailed study in this regard while it is strongly recommended that the company go with legal validation of their legally entitled right over this particular piece of intellectual property of Mr. Aimee. The finding Trademark registration and patent authorization come under way to defend the strength of the original makers of any product involving the investment of intellectual components. The very fact that the commercial world today has gained a saleable value for almost every human effort much to the relief of creative art lying in scientific development. A performer with a commercial intent, an artist with a monitory objective, or an organizer or producer of such events all come under the stakeholders of this wide web of intellectual property rights. In the absence of this right or the laws that enforce it and secure the creative achievers, the word business would not have its face today. According to certain clear information, patent of ownership of the intellectual property and its use can be protected by...In such cases, the need for obtaining registered identity recognition becomes essential for the safety of the developer’s innovative ideas. Conclusion While considering the commercial value of the new product and its innovative effect in a trend setting sales acquisition potential, the stand of the company at the moment is to be diverted and the management needs to be encouraged to file the application for the registration proceedings. When the details of studies on the importance of intellectual property registration as well as the trademark registration from both business and corporate social responsibility angle, the company is bound to ensure that their product is not misconceived by the people in the future course of business. It is also recommended that M/s XYZ endorse with the legal protection of its software in order to boost the morale and dedication of employees of all business where they feel their enterprising skills are recognized and preserved by the owners. Above everything, the little strain the company will have to take during the registration process can prove worthwhile once the product gets a spot in the hit cha rt of software sales.

Literature review Essay Example for Free

Literature review Essay According to (Light, Pillerner, 1984), systematic literature review is also useful for it provides literature review needed in the scientific world. Systematic reviews follow a predetermined set of guidelines while being conducted and produces results that are fair. Unbiased reports are of great scientific value for they become the rationale for scientific studies. Through the results, hypotheses that do not have supporting evidence are eliminated and the ones which are based on evidence used for scientific studies. Thus systematic literature reviews define strengths and limits of available researches that are used in the science world. Among the many advantages of systematic literature review is that, unlike ordinary research that provides conclusions and suggests recommendations to a particular study or question, systematic literature review does not limit researchers, practitioners, clinicians, health care managers among other users of systematic review findings. Mulrow (2008) states that systematic literature review leaves room for the findings to be challenged. For instance, if researchers do not agree with a particular study that has been appraised through systematic literature review; room is provided for parties who do not agreeing with the research findings to build their own reviews. The transparent way through which systematic literature review is conducted provides the building blocks through which it can be challenged. In addition, the process of conducting a systematic literature review is less tiring as compared to the primary studies which use data collected from the field. Systematic literature reviews uses the already processed and documented primary data and therefore is less tedious. Power and precision is accorded to systematic reviews through their use of quantitative methodologies in data analysis. When compared with other traditional research literatures, systematic reviews have an advantage over them for they are able to justify their evidence and conclusions qualitatively and also quantitatively. Thomas, Harden et al, (2004) acknowledges that the use of Meta – analysis in systematic reviews gives them a greater command when it comes to evidence over traditional literature reviews that only relies on qualitative evidence. In addition, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies ensures that the results are of greater precision. Systematic literature reviews uses a methodology that does not have room for biasness. The results obtained through systematic literature reviews are valid and can be reproduced when the same procedure is used. Mulrow, (2008) emphasizes that systematic reviews are transparent and researches widely on the available data making policy makers, clinicians, nurses among other users to widely rely on systematic literature reviews. The reviews also provide information that is clear and defined depending on the question or the study under review. Last but not least of the advantages of systematic literature review is the use of quantitative methods in literature reviews. The combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating existing data contributes to the accuracy of results accorded to systematic literature reviews. Systematic literature review is far from perfect and many professionals argue as to the practicability of the evidence produced through systematic literature reviews. They argue that systematic literature reviews are reviews done by a group of researchers who think that by conducting the review, they have already solved a problem. According to Mulrow, (2008) to most professionals, a systematic literature review only signifies the beginning of a finding and not a way for solving a problem. For instance, while systematic literature reviews makes use of existing researches to make the reviews, the existing research evidence may have been conducted in relation to a particular group of people, area or particular settings. Then, though the systematic review conclusions will be drawn, questions arise as to how systematic literature reviews that may have used research findings that were only meant for a particular group of people or area should be generalized to other regions or people. They raise a problem of generalizing and disseminating quality and clear information to consumers and thereby undermining one of the most important reasons as to why systematic literature reviews should be done.

Interview with a Barber Shop Owner Essays -- Business Management Inter

Have you ever wonder what it is like to be the owner of a barbershop? Well Raymond Jackson, owner and operator of Your Barbershop, is the one you should learn from. Not only do you get to work for yourself in this recession-resistant growth industry, you get to revive an American tradition while serving upscale clientele with your staff of professionally-trained employees, all with the support of the latest technology, proven operating philosophy, and an experienced management team at your disposal. In a two-hour interview, Mr. Jackson was asked a series of questions pertaining to his work atmosphere, personal goals, and personal thoughts about his establishment. This report will illustrate the necessities of running an established business. When asked, â€Å"What, in your own opinion, would make another successful in this position?† he said, â€Å"You need a lot of people skills.† He believes in order to run a barbershop; you need to be able to meet the needs of the customer. If the customer is not satisfied, you will lose their business. You must be patient. If not, the customer will not return for more service. It’s all about keeping the customer satisfied. This led him to the topic of supply and demand. Most of his profit is dependent on what the customer wants. For example, if the customers come in and want to purchase a bottle of water, you have to provide the water at their convenience. This will keep the customer satisfied and ensure their return for more business. Sometimes business gets slow. He feels the need to bring in more customers. To achieve this goal, he offers various incentives such as discounts. The discounts allow more people to come in and e... ... in its current state, and consumers directing more of their resources on fuel costs, have your business felt a slowdown? a. No, due to the fact that customers still tend to keep up their appearance 13. As a small business owner, how do you plan your budget for your business? a. By paying attention to the supply and demand of the customer i. He buys what is needed 14. What does your company do to retain existing customers? a. Consistency i. Keeping up with what the customers want 15. What is your number one source of new business and how do you get it? a. Siblings/families/friends i. Referrals ii. Growth of family 16. What is competition’s biggest advantage over you and how do you intend on fixing this problem? a. Advantage i. Technology 1. Computers 2. Accessories b. Intentions i. Add these things and more in the near future

Quality Management Proposal

BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Learning Team B Christie Bryant, John Deprimo, Kareemot Olorunoje, Ammy Solis, Michael Willis, and Patrice Wills MGT/420 Kathryn Kendall November 5, 2012 BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Introduction As a manufacturer of high-end compact disc changers for the automobile aftermarket, BJB manufacturing currently has no quality program.The organization needs a strategy for improving business performance through the commitment and involvement of all employees to fully satisfying agreed customer requirements, at the optimum costs, through the  continual improvement  of the products and services, business processes, and people involved (Total Quality Management – TQM, Unknown). The company’s president seeks to gain a competitive edge in the compact disc changer industry over its competition by establishing a total quality management (TQM) program. 1) Product and Needs of BJB Manufacturing Company 2) Quality Management Approac h ) Role of Leadership in Planning, Developing, and Implementing Week 2, Part I: Prepare a total quality management program for BJB Manufacturing Company by writing a 700-to 1,050-word paper in which you develop a quality management approach for BJB. 4) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Initiative Proposal * a) Determine what needs the stakeholders may have for BJB’s products. b) Analyze the product and needs of BJB, and then select the quality management approach that would be the best fit. Explain your rationale. c) Describe the role of leadership in planning, developing, and mplementing a quality process in BJB. Week 3, Part II: Continue building your proposal by incorporating your instructor’s feedback from the Quality Initiative Proposal, and adding 700-to 1,050-words to address theory. * 5) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Theory d) Select one of the theories that you feel would be the best fit for BJB and the successful implementation of t his particular project. e) Address how these quality theories and process-driven and customer-driven quality requirements apply to both the manufacturing and service industries. * * Week 4, Part III: * Continue building your proposal for BJB’s Strategic Planning Committee by adding 1,050-to 1,750-words outlining the strategies for addressing quality management issues and determining an effective means of deploying the quality management initiative. 6) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Implementation Strategy * 1. Analyze factors that should be considered when measuring the results of quality initiatives by using the quality initiative the Learning Team selected to be the best fit for BJB.Address the leadership’s roles in successfully deploying an initiative. Then determine how this approach would help enhance the accomplishment of the following: i) Reduction of the number of product failures ii) Material and labor costs due to gains in operational efficienci es iii) Profitability iv) Customer complaints management v) Environmental regulations compliance vi) Reduction of the number of damage claims and service reliability in the supply chain vii) Levels of inventory iii) Inventory damage and shrinkage management ix) Communications, cooperation, and coordination between all departments within the company improvement * * Week 4, BJB Total Quality Management Program, Parts I through III Presentation * 2. Prepare a 12- to 15-minute oral presentation of Part I-III of the BJB Total Quality Management Program proposal your team developed. Include 7-12 Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® slides. * * Week 5, Part IV: * * BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Supplier Alliance Metrics ReportPrepare a report in which you determine supplier alliance requirements and appropriate metrics for BJB to measure the performance effectiveness of their suppliers. What recommendations would you present to BJB’s Strategic Planning Committee to integrate the supplier alliance and metrics? a) Determine KPIs for forming supplier alliances as well as how BJB would evaluate supplier qualifications and performance. b) How do these measurements help ensure a competitive advantage for BJB? c) Analyze the types of costs of changing supplier alliances. 7) Conclusion 8) References

Puppu

You know I have been wanting a puppy for almost a year now!!! I have been working my butt off to try and earn one, I have tried everything but you wont budge I Just don't know what I need to do. Whenever mom is gone I'm the one that takes care of the pets and I am responsible and you both know it I put a lot of effort into things I love. For example, I am doing a lot better in soccer now that I love it, and eating food and a lot more. I know puppies are a lot of work especially since we already have a dog. When I have to get up in the middle of the night to take it out to go potty.I know u think I wont do that cause I never get up for school, but I don't enjoy school that much so why would you want to interrupt your sleeping to do something that you don't LOVE I mea school Is k I always get up right away when we have to leave should be able to get one The dog will help me to be more responsible The dog can be a companion for the whole family Taking the dog on walks will give me more exercise and be able to get outdoors more Dogs are therapeutic, especially during sad or lonely times. A dog is a friend that will always be there to cheer you up.And I know our family needs that a lot when you guys yell or I do something wrong They are Like people who understand what you're saying and they know when Just to lick you and lay down right next to you and Just sit there and let you pet them until you feel better. I will clean up after It and teach It tricks and train it I wont be on my phone or watching T. V. Or on the computer because I will be busy with the dog I would stop nagging on you and arguing with you I will try and pay for it Now that we are moving we have a backyard with a fence and I still remember to this ay that you said that â€Å"once we get a fence you can have another dog'.The fence will keep him and we can easily watch it while it runs around and plays and goes potty. I did some research and this is what I learned. The Golden Retrievers' intelligenc e makes them versatile, allowing them to fill a variety of roles, Including gulled dog for the blind, hearing dog for the deaf, hunting dog,illegal drug detector, and search and rescue participant. Because of their loyal and gentle temperament, Golden Retrievers are also popular family pets. Golden Retrievers possess friendly, eager-to-pleaseUnited States, the fifth most popular in Australia and the eighth most popular in the United Kingdom The temperament of the Golden Retriever is a hallmark of the breed, and is described in the standard as â€Å"kindly, friendly and confident†. Golden Retrievers make good family pets, particularly as they are patient with children. They are not â€Å"one man dogs† and are generally equally amiable with both strangers and those familiar to them. Their trusting, gentle disposition makes them a poor guard dog.Any form of unprovoked aggression or hostility towards either people, dogs or there animals, whether in the show ring or communi ty, is considered unacceptable in a Golden Retriever and is not in keeping with the character of the breed. Nor should a Golden Retriever be unduly timid or nervous. The typical Golden Retriever is calm, naturally intelligent and biddable, with an exceptional eagerness to please. One of the brightest dogs ranked by obedience-command tractability. ) Other characteristics related to their hunting heritage are a size suited for scrambling in and out of boats and an inordinate love for water. Golden Retrievers are exceptionally trainable?due to their intelligence, athleticism and desire to please their handlers?and excel in obedience trials. They are also very competitive in agility and other performance events. Harsh training methods are unnecessary, as Golden Retrievers often respond very well to positive and upbeat training styles. Golden Retrievers require regular grooming and an occasional bath.They should be groomed at least once a week, and every day during heavy shedding. They s hould be bathed every two months. Their coats shed somewhat during the year, but are known to heed profusely twice a year. They also need to have their ears cleaned regularly, or ear infections might occur. While shedding is unavoidable, frequent grooming (daily to weekly) lessens the amount of hair shed by the animal. Severe shedding resulting in bald patches can be indicative of stress or sickness in a Golden Retriever.That was my research but I did a lot more ask me any question and I will answer it correctly. Now that we are moving into this new house there is more room for two dogs. I know taking care of a puppy is a lot of responsibility but I need that challenge. I have been reading a lot about how to train and how to potty train your new puppy I have read books and researched it too and I know it will poop and pee on the carpet but I will potty train it, heck it might even come potty trained but I am dead set on getting a golden retriever I will do anything.This dog will be mine, my responsibility mine to train, feed ,give it love,take for walks,provide and care for. I need something a pet pr Just something like this dog that will love me for what I am and when I am in trouble or did something very wrong, have a bad day at school and need it to love me hen I'm sad. Maybe my puppy will be the glue for all the broken pieces in our family , it will mend the family back into one like it used to be.I know we are in the process of moving right now and I would be able to take care of it AND actually help move pack everything up help organize do chores outside WITHOUT arguing or sassing back or being disrespectful and doing everything the first time you guys ask. If I really want something I can have the right mind set and I can get it done. I know you both feel you will end up having to take care of it but I will take care of it f my own to call it mine and have my puppy love me a lot. I have found a couple people that we can get them from in our price range. It would really mean a lot to me if I got one I will trade my phone, pad and T. V. In for a puppy I will never let you guys down and I will never not care for it. 🙂 All I want is a puppy a golden retriever puppy to call my own. I know they don't stay puppies forever, they will grow up to become dogs and I promise always to take care of it. I will sleep on the floor with only a blanket for the rest of the I live here. Every mourning I will wake up take it out to go to he bathroom brush it give it exercise and go to school come home and take it out for a walk do my homework then play with it more.I know I will need both of you guys help to take it out to go to the bathroom when at school and that does take a lot, but know that school is almost over I will have all summer to train it and keep it company and do everything. I know right now isn't the time to ask for a puppy but I have good grades but I have been very disrespectful and mean and Just not a good child and you guys probably feel like you shouldn't do anything for me right now which is exactly how you should feel but think of the good things I have AR points good grades am doing good in soccer and have been VERY responsible.I will do anything for this puppy I really will and it would mean everything to me it would show how much you love me and care and have confidence in me. I have showed that I am responsible with dogs when I fostered Rocco and Rudy and I tried very hard to do everything I could for them. Thank you very much for reading this I really hope you know how much this means to me truly and I love you. 🙂

15 Tips For Planning Successful Social Media Events

15 Tips For Planning Successful Social Media Events A great and memorable event  Ã‚  takes time, money, sweat, tears†¦well, hopefully not tears. But it does take a lot of planning to get it right and, when the event is over, youll discover that each person had a completely different experience at the same event. So how do you prepare for something, like a conference, meetup, or press event, and how do you prepare for the reaction to it? Each week, I attend  1 Million Cups  here in  Bismarck-Mandan. At each meeting, a local  entrepreneur  will present their business idea, answer and ask questions, and get feedback. 1 Million Cups is also a great way for people within the community to network and drink a free cup of coffee. I started going for the free coffee, to be honest, but the event was so well done and insightful that I kept coming back. In fact, I now live tweet on their Twitter account each week! What could make an event that good? How can you plan an event like that yourself? 1. Give yourself time. No matter how small or simple the event, you need to give yourself enough time to troubleshoot and problem solve. A lot of last minute details will pop up and youll want to have time to deal with them. This means you need to start planning early for several things: Booking speakers:  A speaker will need anywhere from six months to a years notice before they agree to speak at an event. If you are extremely lucky, a speaker will be able to come last minute but DO NOT rely on this. Have a speaker booked months in advanced and even have a back-up or two. This will help prevent scrambling at the last minute for a replacement, or ending up with no speaker (or a bad speaker). Booking a venue: One of the first things on your to-do list should be to book a venue. Without knowing what your venue is capable of, you really cant plan much. Have a back up venue, just in case. This is especially important if the event takes place outside (weather can be unpredictable.) Booking a block of hotel rooms:  Along with a venue, your event may need to have a block of hotel rooms set aside for guests traveling to multi-day events. You want to be sure attendees will be able to find a place to stay; the last thing you want are hotels that are full and have no rooms left. Contacting the press:  People have to know about your event if you want them to attend, so dont be shy about letting the press know youre having an event. Send them a press release with the information about the event, including information that alerts them to whether or not the event is something they might want to cover. Keep in mind that this is a short list. There are a multitude of things that need to be planned ahead of time. 2. Focus on your goal. Stick with the theme/purpose of the event. It’s easy to get side-tracked or want to please more people, but stick with your goal. A lack of focus makes it difficult to pull an event together and the end result is confusing for the guests. In order to determine your goal, think about what feeling you want people to walk away with. Do you want people to be inspired? Do you want people to   take action? Do you just want people to be entertained? What do you want people to bring to the event and what do you want them to take away? 3. Make useful lists. When planning any event, lists are your best friend. You can use any list system youd like, but make sure that the  important tasks are first. When creating your list, the most challenging and important tasks should be on top of the list. For example, the venue, food/drinks, and speaker/entertainment have to happen, so be sure those are in place first. When the big items are in place, you’ll find it easier to plan the smaller details. Plus, it can be hard to plan the small details if youre not sure how big the venue will be, what the time the caters are showing up, or what type of entertainment there will be. Think big-picture first, then worry about the details. Where will you keep your list? Evernote  Is my personal favorite. Its a great platform to get organized and Im able to share it with multiple people. Google Docs  is similar to Evernote, and great for those who make heavy use of Google products already. There, your able to create documents and share them with people. They can have specific permissions, like just being able to view or being able to edit the document. Google Keep is a simple note and list application that makes lists easy. Wunderlist  lets you plan for events, collaborate with others, and access the lists from anywhere. Which ever list platform you choose (and you might even choose pen and paper), just be sure it fits what you need. Complex tools dont always help plan for simple events. There are a lot of  online resources  to help you with lists for event planning, but you should always customize a pre-made planning list for your own event. Each event is unique. Whats your favorite list app? What do you use for planning? 4. Get help from others. Asking for help isn’t a bad thing. Volunteers can be a great source of help, as long as you know where to find them. Find groups or organizations that might be interested (or benefit) from your event. Reach out to local universities to see if students would be interested, particularly those with related majors. Students might be a great source for help with social media, marketing, or public relations, for example. They build experience and a resume, and you build a great event. Dont forget to reach out to your own social media fans or blog readers. They might love to help, too. Consider giving away free entrance or other swag as an incentive to get involved. There are always some little details that need to get done. Give them to your volunteers to do. Just be sure to treat them well and thank them. This will make them want to help you out again. Planning an event? Get volunteers, and give them ownership. Their enthusiasm helps build the event.5. Know what your audience expects. What does your audience expect from your event? As I mentioned earlier, I attend a weekly event called 1 Million Cups Bismarck-Mandan. There are 1 Million Cups events all around the United States. I guarantee each event is different, although the goal of each is the same: to engage entrepreneurs in communities around the world. My expectations for my first event were low, because I had never heard of 1 Million Cups before. However, after the first event, my expectations rise every time. Now, I expect there to be an insightful speaker(s) who has a unique business/business idea. I expect them to give advice to the audience, but also need advice back. I expect there to always be delicious coffee and friendly people to network with. Ive gone to eight of these events and I have yet to be disappointed. Its important for an event to reach and connect with their audience. 1 Million cups connects with me because Im interested in what the speakers have to say. I love getting and giving advice, meeting new people, and I have a strong love for coffee, especially free coffee! Determine your target audience for your event. Find what interests them so you know how to plan everything from speakers to entertainment and food. Know if your audience will have disabilities and plan accordingly making sure everyone has access to the full event. 6. Have the outcome in mind. What would you like the outcome to be? Is there a call to action? Would you like people to sign up or buy something? Join a movement? The outcome is different than the goal. The event has a purpose, and the outcome is the action that comes from that purpose. Perhaps your goal is to inspire people to help out in their community. The outcome might be an entire community-first movement from those who participated. Or perhaps you hope the outcome is a stronger connection between the community and your business (e.g. Riggs Partners and their efforts with Smashburger). 7. Scheduling the date and time. Be smart when you’re planning the date of the event. Don’t plan it too close to holidays or other similar, related events that are happening in the area. Make sure your target audience won’t have to decide between your event and another one. Yet again, knowing your target audience helps. Does your event target high school students? Make sure youre not conflicting with sports seasons or extra-curricular events. Full-time workers? You might want to keep your event to weekends. If you do have to schedule your event the same day as another event, make sure its at a time that doesnt conflict with the other event or try to make your event more appealing than the competition. 8. Be realistic about whats possible. It’s fun to day dream about events, but make sure you’re being realistic when planning. Know how much time you have to pull off the event and know your budget. If you’re planning a bigger event, give yourself a few months. You wont necessarily need more money for a bigger event, youll just have to be more creative. 9. Stick with SMART goals. Be smart and stick with SMART goals. This will help keep the event reasonable. S Specific. Use action verbs to describe the 5 Ws: who, what, when, where, and why. M Measurable. Make sure your goals can be measured. If they cant be measured, how can you let sponsors know if you were successful or not? A Achievable. Once again, be realistic. Its so easy to think big, but plan for what your resources and time allow. R Relevant. The goals need to be relevant to why youre planning the event in the first place. T Time-bound. Set mini goals for when tasks need to be completed to help keep you and your team on track with time. 10. Budget It’s easy to say, â€Å"Oh, this will be a small event. It won’t cost much,† and never set a budget. If you do this, you’re setting yourself up to over spend, by a lot. Set a budget, keep an expense report. If you find yourself straining against your budget, youll have to get creative (maybe even DIY!). There are many places you can go to help for planning your budget and working with finances. Mint.com, for example, is free and fast. Another site is Planning Pod, which can do much more than just help you with a budget. Planning Pod can help you track, create, build, manage, collaborate, and prepare. You can also create your own budget managing system using Excel or a Google Docs spreadsheet. Its also important to know how you are paying for an event. Are you paying for the event through sponsors? If so, be sure to get your sponsors first, before you sign contracts or start spending money on the event. It would be unfortunate to have a sponsor pull out of the event when you have signed contracts and booked the venue and entertainment. 11. Get Creative Bring in fresh ideas. It’s important to try new and creative things at events. And if you use DIY, it can help keep the cost down. How do you keep the cost down and stay creative? You could find a few DIY books, watch DIY shows, orPinterest.  Its a great resource for event planners. You can browse for ideas for all types of events, finding ideas on everything from food, drinks, decorations, games, and more. It’s like the holy grail of DIY. Julius Solairs  lists 20 different Pinterest boards to follow for different components of events. This post by   Angela Schelp has some tips on how to plan an event via Pinterest. This post  by Yusno Yunos has some great ideas on why using Pinterest is an exceptional tool for event planners. As you can see, Pinterest is a great tool to use when it comes to planning events. If youre not a fan of Pinterest, try DIY blogs that focus on great event planning. Youll find  great blogs  that give you the help and inspiration needed for planning a variety of events. Whenever there is a craft fair near by, go to it. You may not buy anything, but they are a great place to get ideas and meet makers who might be able to help you out with your event for a reasonable cost.  I was involved with a fundraiser where we were to have a product to sell. When I was brainstorming ideas I thought about a tie blanket I saw at a craft fair. We were able to get fabric stores to donate the fabric, and the fundraiser turned out to be a huge success. Ideas are everywhere. 12. Marketing One of the most important aspects of an event is marketing it. If you want people to show up, you need to let them know the event is happening. Dont just assume people will tell their friends and the event will spread by word of mouth. Where is your audience most likely to see your message? TV? Radio? Social media? Promote your event where your audience is. You might even want to send  out a press release. In order to help organize your marketing efforts, a marketing plan is necessary. Youll be dealing with press deadlines, and staggering your promotion of the event on social media. Perhaps youll be writing blog posts leading up to the event, and have to coordinate with writers and designers for those posts. A plan–with a timeline–is the only way youll get the marketing to fall into place. An editorial calendar is a great tool, too. 13. Incorporate social media Every event should incorporate social media. Not just to promote an event, but also during the event. If Twitter is an appropriate medium for your audience, create a hashtag for your event. It will help people spread the excitement of the event while at the the event, or while talking about attending the event. Attendees can interact with one another. It will also make measuring your reach on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, more effective. Another reason to use social media is because its an inexpensive way to market/advertise your event. By creating a hashtag and an event landing page on your site and on social media platforms, you start the conversation ahead of time.

Mosasaurus Facts and Figures

Mosasaurus Facts and Figures The name Mosasaurus (pronounced MOE-zah-SORE-usis) is partly derived from the Latin word Mosa (the Meuse River), and the second half of the name comes from the word Sauros, which is Greek for lizard. This ocean-dwelling creature is from the late Cretaceous period (70 to 65 million years ago). Its distinguishing characteristics included a blunt, alligator-like head, fin on the end of its tail, and a hydrodynamic build. It was large- up to 50 feet long and weighing 15 tons- and subsisted on a diet of fish, squid, and shellfish. About Mosasaurus The remains of Mosasaurus were discovered well before educated society knew anything about evolution, dinosaurs, or marine reptiles- in a mine in Holland in the late 18th century (hence this creatures name,  in honor of  the nearby Meuse River). Importantly, the unearthing of these fossils led early naturalists like Georges Cuvier to speculate, for the first time, about the possibility of species going extinct, which flew in the face of accepted religious dogma of the time. (Until the late Enlightenment, most educated people believed that God created all the worlds animals in Biblical times and that the exact same animals existed 5,000 years ago as do today. Did we mention that they also had no conception of deep geologic time?) These fossils were variously interpreted as belonging to fish, whales, and even crocodiles; the closest guess (by the Dutch naturalist Adriaan Camper) was that they were giant monitor lizards. It was Georges Cuvier who established that the fearsome Mosasaurus was a giant member of the family of marine reptiles known as mosasaurs, which were characterized by their large heads, powerful jaws, streamlined bodies, and  hydrodynamic  front and rear flippers. Mosasaurs were only distantly related to the pliosaurs and plesiosaurs (sea serpents) that preceded them (and which they largely supplanted from the dominance of the worlds oceans during the late Cretaceous period). Today, evolutionary biologists believe they were most closely related to modern-day snakes and monitor lizards. The mosasaurs themselves went extinct 65 million years ago, along with their dinosaur and pterosaur cousins, by which time they may already have been succumbing to competition from better-adapted sharks. As with many animals that have lent their names to entire families, we know comparatively less about Mosasaurus than we do about better-attested mosasaurs like Plotosaurus and Tylosaurus.  The early confusion about this marine reptile is reflected in the various genera to which it was assigned in the course of the 19th century, including (take a deep breath) Batrachiosaurus, Batrachotherium, Drepanodon, Lesticodus, Baseodon, Nectoportheus, and Pterycollosaurus. There have also been close to 20 named species of Mosasaurus, which gradually fell by the wayside as their fossil specimens were assigned to other mosasaur genera; today, all that remain are the type species, M. hoffmanni, and four others. By the way, that shark-swallowing Mosasaurus in the movie Jurassic World may  seem impressive (both to people in the fictional park and people in the real-life movie-theater audience), but its completely out of scale: A real, 15-ton Mosasaurus would have been an order of magnitude smaller and much less impressive than its cinematic depiction- and  almost certainly  incapable of dragging a gigantic Indominus rex into the water.

Software-generated information to make decision in an oganisation Essay

Software-generated information to make decision in an oganisation - Essay Example Activity Immediate Predecessor Time (Days) Earliest Start time Earliest Finish time Latest Start Time Latest Finish Time Slack 01 None 1 0 1 0 1 0 02 01 11 01 12 1 12 0 03 01 14 12 26 38 52 26 04 03 5 26 31 52 57 26 05 02 23 12 35 29 52 17 06 05 5 35 40 52 57 17 07 02 20 12 32 37 57 25 08 02 30 12 42 12 42 0 09 08 15 42 57 42 57 0 10 08 2 42 44 50 52 8 11 02 33 12 45 14 47 2 12 11 10 45 55 47 57 2 13 10 4 44 48 52 56 8 14 13,10 1 48 49 56 57 8 15 06,07,09,14 1 57 58 57 58 0 Answer A The normal time for completing the project is expected to be 58 days. For the project to be completed on 30th November 2013 having commenced on 1st October 2013, it calls for crashing the time because the period of completion is shorter than the predicted time in the activity plan. Activities to be crashed must have the minimum cost implication for the process and usually they are those in the critical path. It is worth to note that, the Microsoft project considers work only done for five days of the week thus the time span for the project adds up to forty-five days. The Gantt chart that would be realized from the above information is as indicated in the MS Project. (See attached file) Answer B The network diagram of the project information in the above tables as follows Answer C The critical path refers to a sequence of activities in a project that form the longest chain in terms of their completion time. The set of these activities in a project network are determined by calculating the slack. Where by the slack is obtained by subtracting the earliest start time and activity duration from latest finish time. The critical path is realized in those activities whose slack is equal to zero. From the above table, the activities with a zero slack are 01, 02, 08, 09, and 15. Thus, the critical path can be concluded to be 01 – 02 – 08 – 09-15. Answer D The project duration is determined by adding up the time durations of all the activities in the critical path of the p roject network. In the above project network, the critical path was determined above and realized to be 01 – 02 – 08 – 09 - 15. To determine the least time duration would be (1 + 11 + 30 + 15 + 1) = 58 days. Answer to Task 2 Year Cash inflows Discounting factor (10%) Discounted cash inflow Cash inflows (C) Discounting factor (15%) Discounted cash inflow (Ci) 1 2500 0.9091 2272.73 2500 0.8696 2173.91 2 2750 0.8264 2272.73 2750 0.7561 2079.40 3 3025 0.7513 2272.73 3025 0.6575 1988.99 4 3327.5 0.6830 2272.73 3327.5 0.5718 1902.51 5 3660.25 0.6209 2272.73 3660.25 0.4972 1819.79 Total 11363.63 9964.60 Net Present Value (NPV) is a measure used for evaluating the value of a business by determining the present value of such investment by adding up all the discounted cash inflows received within the given period of the investment. The formula for discounting by the NVP method Where C0= Cash outflow also known as Initial Investment Ci = Cash flows for the given years r = Discount rate T = Time Where r = the discount rate, and T = time NVP the rate is at 10% NVP = 198.43 NVP when the rate is at 15% NVP = 46.19533 This method is used to determine the profitability and suitability of a project before commencing a plan to undertake the investment. A project with a positive NPV is said to be favorable, whereas one with a negative NPV is regarded as unfavorable and thus investor would be discouraged to undertake that project. Report Summery Project management

Project management maturity model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project management maturity model - Assignment Example Project management principles that need application and support are included in this level. These principles are related to methodologies applied by the company. III. Level 3 Singular Methodology: A company is in a position to integrate all corporate methodologies into one with a focus on project management. These effects termed as synergistic effects simplifies process control in combination with single methodology rather than multiple methodologies. IV. Level 4 Benchmarking: at this level, competitive advantage is enjoyed by a company. Process improvement is the focus of management so that the company maintains this advantage. This level is performed regularly and continuously. Decisions made at this level look at whom and what to benchmark. V. Level 5 Continuous improvement: all information from benchmarking are important for success in project management. This information is used in benchmarking followed by a decision whether the information will empower singular methodology. The se levels of maturity are not only accomplished by companies’ in a consequential manner but may overlap in one manner or the other (Kerzner 2001, pp.41-44). Ferris HealthCare, Inc. ... The need for project managers in career path position with a structure to accommodate project management was seen a priority in making the organization prosper. A project management training program was conducted by a consultant in the organization. One twelfth of the organization’s employees participated in the training program. The fifty trained officials held several meetings in the next two months to set out models to use for the firm. Finally, three stage gates were identified although dictated by personal interests. The models were information systems, new products portfolio and corporate clients. The models developed had several similarities since they had rigid policies and procedures. After a year of implementation of the models, a problem in decision making about the right project manager for a specific project emerged. Project managers were obliged to understand the three models. The only option available was assigning project managers who understood particular meth odology. Later, the company consolidated the methodologies into one, with a focus on guidelines rather than policies and procedures. The new model received support from most employees. The company organized another training session for untrained employees on project management with a focus on the new method. Unfortunately, there was no success in future projects. Questions a. What difficulty did the management face to initiate one methodology from the start? b. Why did the three methods based on policies and procedures? c. Why do you think the company was forced to seek for single methodology? d. Why did the company decide that the methodology rely on guidelines rather than policies

Method for Measuring the Area of Radiometric Apertures

Method for Measuring the Area of Radiometric Apertures ERREIRA DA   Method for measuring the area of radiometric apertures using the ratio of Gaussian beams I propose and demonstrate a method for determining the area of radiometric apertures using the power ratio between Gaussian beams. The result relies on measuring the power of an optical beam of known radius with and without the radiometric aperture. The impact of the characterization of the laser beam and of the radiometric measurements on the area estimation is discussed and a 3-mm in-diameter sample is measured for validation. The contactless method is fast and simple and results in a relative uncertainty of 0.12%.   Calibration of the area of an aperture is necessary for radiometric and photometric measurements, including spectral irradiance [1- 4] and the realization of the SI unit candela [5-7]. The plethora of methods reported in literature can be assorted whether they are contact or contactless. Contact methods include probing the aperture border with an stylus, which position is mapped by an interferometric system [8]. Contactless methods are preferable as the possibility of damaging the sharp edge of the aperture during the measurement is avoided. A camera with an objective lens can be used for taking digital pictures of parts of the inner perimeter of the aperture, while an interferometric system is used for measuring the displacement of the images, allowing them to be further stithed together [9]. Another approach consists in raster scanning the aperture relative to a laser focused in a small spot in the aperture plane to determine the diameter at some radial angles [10]. Methods based on radiometric ratios have also been reported and depend on comparing measurements performed with a light overfilled aperture and a reference value. A spatially-uniform beam emerging from an integrating sphere can be used to compare the radiometric values obtained with the aperture under calibration and with the reference one [11]. Similarly a matrix of small-spot laser sources can be used [12, 13], with the reference provided by the known uniform irradiance distribution. In this paper I propose a method for determining the area of a radiometric aperture using the ratio between Gaussian laser beams. The result is obtained from measurements of the optical power transmitted through the overfilled aperture compared to the total optical power without the aperture, with the beam radius at the aperture plane previously characterized. The technique is contactless and the measurement is relatively fast, providing an alternative way for measuring radiometric apertures. A. Model The method proposed for determining the area of the aperture is based on measuring the radiometric ratio between the beam limited by the aperture and the full beam. Consider a Gaussian beam propagating along the zˆ  axis with an intensity distribution in the radial direction à Ã‚  on the transversal plane described as I (1) where the beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) is [14] (2) and the waist radius is à Ã¢â‚¬ °0 = à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (0). The beam radii in the analysis are taken at 1/e2 of the maximum intensity. The total optical power of the beam is obtained by integrating its intensity over the transversal area as   Ã‚   Ptotal /2(3) The circular radiometric aperture is modelled as a Boxcar function with mean radius r à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) and transmittance given by g (x, y) = rect(4) Positioning the aperture in the plane orthogonal to the beam axis at à Ã‚ =0 reduces the measured optical power in eq. (3) to Z r Pap (z) =I (à Ã‚ , z) 2à Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ dà Ã‚ (5) 0 The ratio between the optical power limited by the aperture at position z and the total optical power of the beam is thus [14] (z)2r2 R(6) The radius of the aperture is obtained by inverting eq. (6), resulting in r (7) Equation (7) reveals the dependence of the aperture radius on the beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ ° and radiometric ratio R measured at a given axial position. The sensitivity coefficients of the radius equation relative to those components are 2(8) (z) The uncertainty of the measured area is composed [15] as ur (9) The area of the radiometric aperture is then trivially obtained from the circle formula, S = à Ã¢â€š ¬r2, with uncertainty given by uS = 2à Ã¢â€š ¬rur. B. Method The first step of the method is the determination of the longitudinal profile of the Gaussian beam. This can be accomplished in practice by using the knife-edge scanning method [16] or using a spatially-resolving photodetector (for example, a CMOS or CCD camera). While the later can be troubling for beams wider than the sensitive area of the camera, the primer requires caution relative to radial asymmetries in the beam profile. The astigmatism of the beam must be verified by knife-edge scanning along orthogonal directions in the transversal plane and the mean radius is considered. The beam longitudinal profile reveals important information about the tolerance of the axial positioning of the aperture relative to the transversal plane where the beam is determined. Next step consists on positioning the aperture in the beam path. Carefully placing the aperture front plane at the axial position where the beam has been characterized avoids the need for a correction on the beam radius value. The aperture under measurement must then be centralized relative to the beam axis. A recursive gradient search can be performed along the plane axes until convergence at the maximum optical power, where à Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 0. The value of the optical power measured with the aperture is compared to the total optical power measured without it. This ratio and the mean beam radius are substituted in eq. (7) and the aperture radius is determined. Research Article Applied Optics 2 A laser diode with continuous-wave emission at 633 nm is collected with an objective lens into a meter-long single-mode optical fiber (Thorlabs SM600 [17]), which acts as a spatial filter by selecting the LP01 transversal mode. The beam is launched into free-space through the tip of an FC-PC connector and collimated using an 1-large AR-coated plano-convex lens (L2) with a focal length of 38.2 mm, as illustrated in Fig. 1. A similar lens (L3) with 150-mm long focal length focuses the beam into the photo-detector. Fig. 1. Experimental setup. LD: laser diode; L: plano-convex lens; C: fiber connector; PD: photo-detector; PC: personal computer. The beam profile is determined using the knife-edge method. A pair of razor blades is scanned in the plane orthogonal to the optical beam in both xˆ  (horizontal) and yˆ  (vertical) directions, using a pair of linear actuators (Newport TRA25PPD and CMA25PP). The optical power is measured by an optical power meter with a diffuser probe (Thorlabs PM100). Data acquisition and transversal positioning of the knives and aperture are performed with a personal computer. Flip mounts allow for selecting either the knives or the aperture, which are placed in the same xˆ  à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yˆ  translation stage. The translation stages, the lens L3 and the photo-detector are fixed into a platform and move together to the desired position in axial direction zˆ . The aperture under characterization has nominal diameter of 3 mm and is built in anodized aluminium with sharp edges. The offset distance between the planes of the knives and the aperture is set within 0.05 mm using a multi-probe optical reflectometer [18]. An automated routine is used to position the aperture in the transversal plane relative to the optical beam by scanning it along xˆ  and yˆ  directions until it is centralized. The radiometric ratio is obtained by removing and reinserting the aperture using the flip mount while the power is measured using a silicon photodiode (Hamamatsu S1227-1010BQ) in photovoltaic mode. Calibrated trans-impedance amplifier (LabKinetics Vinculum) and digital voltmeter (Agilent 34401A) are used. Conditioning the signals for using a single range of these devices avoids linearity issues. The detector typical linearity is better than 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 [19]. A. Beam width The width of the Gaussian beam is determined at different positions along the axial direction in both horizontal and vertical axes. Figure 2 shows a sample of the transversal beam profile Fig. 2. Sample of the transversal intensity profile of the beam. The slices in the details cross the center and are Gaussian fit. The longitudinal profile of the beam is evaluated by applying the knife-edge analysis at different axial positions. The optical power measured as a function of the knife position in xˆ  direction is modelled as the integral of the Gaussian intensity, resulting in the error function: P (10) Equation (10) indicates that the measured power profile reveals the horizontal beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ °x (z). The procedure performed along the yˆ  direction returns a similar result as a function of the vertical beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ °y (z). Figures 3a and 3b show the power measured with the knifeedge method along both xˆ  and yˆ  directions, respectively. A group of 10 scans, with 0.25-mm steps, is taken at a given axial position. Data is interpolated to steps of 0.1 mm using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomials [20]. Non-linear curve fit (Levemberg-Marquadt method) is globally applied to data with the beam radius parameter shared by all curves in the group. The beam radius values as a function of the axial distance to the collimating lens are shown in Fig. 3c. Observe that the beam profile behaves linearly at the sampled axial positions. Fitting data with eq. (2) reveals the horizontal and vertical waists localized at about 3.3 m and 3.7 m, respectively. The slope of 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢4 indicates that a positioning error between the knives and the aperture of 0.05 mm has negligible impact on estimated radius. The beam is slightly astigmatic (horizontal radius about 1% greater than the vertical one), so the average radius is computed from both horizontal and vertical radii as /2(11) B. Radiometric ratio The radiometric ratio is determined from five groups of measurement of the total beam power, alternated with four measurements of the power limited by the aperture. Interleaved measurements allows for data interpolation and avoids slow drift effects. Each measurement is composed by a group of 30 data points, corrected by the dark measurement. Three measurement were performed at each axial position. The calibration data of the trans-impedance amplifier and voltmeter are used for correction and considered in the uncertainty budget see next section. The average ratio of 0.3373 allows for performing both measurements (with and without the aperture) in the same scale of the amplifier and voltmeter. Keeping the measurement range of the equipment fixed avoids linearity issues, which must otherwise be corrected and could burden on the uncertainty budged. C. Aperture radius/area and uncertainty budget The aperture radius is computed from the measured values of à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) and R (z) using eq. (7). The result obtained at three different axial distances from the collimating lens are presented in Fig. 4a. The uncertainty budget for the radius measurement is presented in Table 1. The uncertainty of the beam width and power ratio are combined with the reproducibility of the measurement. The radius measurement is obtained from the global fit of the knife-edge scan measurements. The impact of the beam divergence is obtained by multiplying this value by the maximum axial offset between the knife-edge and the aperture plane. The beam width uncertainty is dominant over all other components. Improvements over this estimation would greatly benefit the final uncertainty. The repeatability comes from the statistics of the ratio measurements. Stability of the laser source is the major component and could be iproved using a further power stabilization closedloop. The amplifier and voltmeter uncertainties are obtained Fig. 4. Experimental results: (a) aperture radius measurements and (b) its final area. The reference values are certified results. Standard uncertainties represent k=1. Table 1. Uncertainty budget for the measurement of the aperture radius (relative values). Component Type Uncertainty (k=1) Radius measurements B 5.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢4 Beam divergence [mm] B 2.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Trans-impedance amplifier B 6.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Voltmeter B 5.5 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Photodiode linearity B 6.2 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢6 Power ratio 0.00017 Reproducibility [mm] A 0.00027 Aperture radius [mm] 0.00062 from their calibration uncertainty and from the linear regression over the measurement range. The photo-diode linearity is taken from literature. The reproducibility is taken from the independent repetitions. Among other factors, it accounts for small room temperature variation (oC), different axial positions, and repositioning of the aperture center relative to the beam axis. The final relative uncertainty obtained for the measurement of area is 0.12%. The validation of the method is assessed by comparing the results to a certified value, as shown in Table 2. The certificates present a relative uncertainty (k=1) of 0.0065 mm2 for the area value and a calibration drift (rectangular distribution) between bi-annual measurements of 0.0410 mm2 is observed, composing a combined uncertainty of 0.415 mm2. Research Article Applied Optics 4 Table 2. Experimental results and validation (k=1). Measured area Certified Relative Normalized [mm2] area [mm2] difference [%] error 7.0056  ± 0.0087 6.998  ± 0.042 0.11 0.18 The relative error between the measured and certificated values is 0.11%, while the normalized error [15] is below unit, indicating the compatibility of the results. The coverage factor of the measurements, calculated for a confidence interval of 95.45%, is k=2. The area of an aperture impacts directly on the determination of some radiometric and photometric quantities. This paper presents a simple and fast contactless method for characterizing an aperture area through the measurement of radiometric ratio of characterized Gaussian beams. The model is presented and the measurement uncertainty budget is discussed. The results are validated and indicate the method as suitable for metrology applications. References       M. White, N. P. Fox, V. E. Ralph, and N. J. Harrison, The characterization of a high-temperature black body as the basis for the NPL spectralirradiance scale, Metrologia 32, 431-434 (1995/96). P. Sperfeld, K.-H. Raatz, B. Nawo, W. Mà ¶ller, and J. Metzdorf, Spectralirradiance scale based on radiometric black-body temperature measurements, Metrologia 32, 435-439 (1995/96). P. Kà ¤rhà ¤, P. Toivanen, F. Manoochehri, and E. Ikonen, Development of a detector-based absolute spectral irradiance scale in the 380-900-nm spectral range, App. Opt. 36, 8909-8918 (1997). H. W. Yoon, C. E. Gibson, and P. Y. Barnes, Realization of the National Institute of Standards and Technology detector-based spectral irradiance scale, App. Opt. 41, 5879-5890 (2002). L. P. Boivin, A. A. Gaertner, and D. S. 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