Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 66

Task - Essay Example her, in light of the above diagram it very well may be seen that the most extreme benefits are acquired at a point where Marginal cost bend converge with Marginal income bend. What's more the negligible cost bend converge the normal variable cost bend from underneath and furthermore cross the normal all out cost bend from above as appeared in the graph. The graph above show that, over the long haul, an expansion in cost for a monopolistic firm it causes the market cost to be equivalent to average complete expense whereby peripheral cost will be equivalent to minimal income as demonstrated in the figure above (Salvatore, p.345). The chart above shows the balance cost and amount which is inferred at point where the interest and gracefully bend meet. The harmony cost is spoken to above utilizing PE while balance amount is spoken to by point QE as appeared previously. 7. The interest for spread will prompt an abatement sought after of margarine since margarine is a mediocre decent whose request diminishes as consumer’s level of pay increments. In actuality, request of margarine will increments as pay increment. 8. The motivation behind why individual peripheral pace of replacement between two products must equivalent to the proportion of the cost of merchandise is on the grounds that shopper could exchange one useful at another at a market cost to get more significant level of fulfillment. The diagram above demonstrates that minimal cost bend meet normal cost bend from beneath and normal expense at a point higher than that of normal cost bend. It very well may be seen that, as the minimal cost builds, the normal variable cost diminishes (Salvatore, p.225). The diagram above demonstrates the connection between Marginal expense and normal variable expense whereby, If minimal expense of creation is more prominent than normal variable cost it implies that normal expense is expanding and bad habit versa(Salvatore, p.225). The diagram demonstrates that the firm normal variable cost bend are U-molded and it accomplish its base at a lower than the normal absolute cost bend

Is There Still a Need to Timestamp Your Blog

Whatever the objectives of your blog, there are numerous components that can influence its viability. Aside from the genuine nature of your substance, there’s a significant detail that frequently gets disregarded: the timestamp. A few websites incorporate one and others don’t. Yet, what’s the correct alternative for your blog? To Date or Not to Date? HubSpot, Moz, TechCrunch, Mashable and Business Insider all show the dates on their blog entries. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you just maintain a private company blog, does it truly make a difference whether you show the date or not? The short answer is †it depends. There are different advantages of including distribution dates on your blog entries. Vitally, it shows perusers that the data they’re perusing is exceptional, along these lines, still pertinent. This is significant, particularly if they’re inquiring about the best item accessible or searching for inclining news. Put another way, the nonattendance of dates could thwart the validity of your substance and cause numerous perusers to not peruse your substance. Notwithstanding, this doesn’t imply that dates are consistently the most ideal approach. There’s frequently a bias against data that seems, by all accounts, to be â€Å"old† and, even with evergreen substance, an old date may make a few guests see your substance as obsolete data and excuse it. So dates can be acceptable and awful. What Do Other Bloggers Do? For certain individuals, utilizing timestamps on their blog adversely affected client commitment. Advanced advertising planner Mack Collier reinserted dates to his posts for one month and found that his blog traffic began falling. Truth be told, his inquiry and Twitter traffic dropped by around 25%. Darren Rowse from the Digital Photography School blog feels that not demonstrating the date gives the impression of â€Å"freshness.† He evacuated timestamps and saw that his â€Å"old† posts got more connections and remarks after some time. Evergreen Vs. Time-Sensitive Content There are particular kinds of blog entries you ought to more likely than not timestamp: surveys, news, regular substance and sentiment pieces. These presents need a date on assist perusers with understanding the specific situation and pertinence of your substance. As far as building traffic and connections, evergreen substance is staggeringly important. There could be a contention for excluding dates in evergreen substance since it will probably be seen all the more frequently at later dates and a date could make it become less significant as the years pass by. In any case, I would contend that you ought to refresh and republishing your evergreen substance before that would turn into an issue. Test What Works For You Perhaps the most ideal approaches to conclude whether to timestamp your blog is to follow commitment information. Attempt A/B testing with and without timestamps to perceive what sort of a distinction it makes to your skip rate and time on page. At last, with regards to adding timestamps to your blog, you ought to do what you feel is best for your blog and your perusers. What works for one blog may not work for another.

Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Please share this announcement with individuals who may be interested in the Rangel Graduate Fellowship.   More information is available at www.rangelprogram.org. The Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program is now accepting applications for its 2011 graduate fellowships.   The Rangel Program seeks applicants who are interested in promoting positive change in the world as Foreign Service Officers for the U.S. Department of State.   The fellowship is open to undergraduate seniors and recent graduates who want to begin two-year master’s programs in the fall of 2011. In March 2011, the program will select twenty Rangel Fellows who will receive up to $90,000 in benefits over two years to fund tuition, mandatory fees, and living expenses for completion of two-year master’s degrees, as well as summer internships to promote professional development.   Fellows may use the fellowship to fund graduate studies of international affairs or a related subject such as public administration, business administration or public policy at U.S. universities.   Those who successfully complete the program will receive appointments as Foreign Service Officers upon graduation, embarking on one of the most exciting and rewarding careers. Eligibility requirements include U.S. citizenship, plans to enter graduate school in fall 2011, and a minimum 3.2 GPA.   The program encourages the application of members of minority groups historically underrepresented in the Foreign Service and those with financial need.   The application deadline is January 21, 2011.   Additional information about the Rangel Program and specific application requirements are available at www.rangelprogram.org. The Rangel Program is managed by the Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center at Howard University and funded by the U.S. Department of State.   It seeks to promote excellence and diversity in the U.S. Foreign Service. Contacts: Patricia Scroggs                                                                                             Erica Lee Director                                                                                                                           Program Assistant pscroggs@howard.edu rangelprogram@howard.edu erlee@howard.edu 202-806-4367 or 877-633-0002

Albert Einstein- the 20th Century Science Hero - 1868 Words

Albert Einstein- The 20th Century Science Hero Albert Einstein is considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century. He is known for developing the theories of relativity. He is also noted for his mathematical formula of E = mc ² (David Bodanis). Although he was not directly involved in the Manhattan Project, which was responsible for creating the atomic bomb, but he is still considered the mastermind because of his breakthrough formula. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect (A. Calaprice T. Lipscombe). The Einstein’s were a secular, middle class Jewish family. Albert’s father Hermann Einstein was a salesman and an engineer who owned a company that manufactured†¦show more content†¦Other European scientists also fled various countries threatened by Nazi takeover and came to the United States. Some of these scientists knew of Nazi plans to develop an atomic weapon. For a time, their warnings to Washington, D.C. went unheeded (David Bodanis). In the summer of 1939, Einstein, along with another scientist, Leo Szilard, was persuaded to write a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt to alert him of the possibility of a Nazi bomb. President Roosevelt could not risk the possibility that Germany might develop an atomic bomb first. The letter is believed to be the key factor that motivated the United States to investigate the development of nuclear weapons. Roosevelt invited Einstein to meet with him and soon after the United States initiated the Manhattan Project (M. Talmey). Not long after he began his career at the Institute in New Jersey, Albert Einstein expressed an appreciation for the meritocracy of the United States and the right people had to think what they pleased—something he didn’t enjoy as a young man in Europe (David Bodanis). In 1935, Albert Einstein was granted permanent residency in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. As the Manhattan Project moved from drawing board to testing and development atShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Icon Of The 20th Century Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesAmber Gentile 12 December 2016 Period 2 Albert Einstein- The Cultural Icon from the 20th Century Albert Einstein once said â€Å"I want to know God’s thoughts, the rest are details†. Einstein wanted an equation that would encapsulate all physical laws. To put the beauty and the power of the universe into a single equation was his life’s goal. Although Einstein’s name is now synonymous with genius, his professors would have never predicted him to be this successful as he would always cut class, and heRead MoreAlbert Einstein : A Hero And A Villain2043 Words   |  9 Pages114 07/13/17 The Story of a Hero and a Villain In this essay will discuss the story of a hero and the story of a villain. Power, control and supremacy are the main traits of the deadliest dictator of all-time; During World War II Adolf Hitler brutally murder and torture millions of Jewish people making him one of the evilest men in history. On the other hand, we have the brilliant and innovative Albert Einstein one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. A hero admired by many due to hisRead MoreMccarthyism During The Cold War1925 Words   |  8 Pagescomplete theirs first. This idea is further expanded upon in later documentaries, however; in these later titles the view of the bomb presented is primarily scientific in nature and focuses far more upon the idea of a â€Å"worldwide science project†. This idea of the â€Å"worldwide science project† is presented no better than in â€Å"Operation Hardtack,† a film in which the electro-magnetic pulse of the bomb is explored in conjunction with an experiment to see how radiation particles would interact with the atmosphereRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 PagesiiManagement Challenges for the 21st Century PETER F. DRUCKER Contents Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues 1 Management’s New Paradigms 2 Strategy—The New Certainties 3 The Change Leader 4 Information Challenges 5 Knowledge-Worker Productivity 6 Managing Oneself Acknowledgments About the Author Books By Peter F. Drucker Credits Front Cover Copyright About the Publisher iii Introduction: Tomorrow’s â€Å"Hot† Issues Where, readers may ask, is the discussion of COMPETITIVE STRATEGYRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBehavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for ReviewRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Order in Society - 1253 Words

Keeping order in any society depends fundamentally on a police force to enforce laws and punish transgressors. However, a constant problem cities face has been not only ensuring that policemen do not abuse the power and authority they are given, but that no personal bias enters into their work. Police brutality against citizens involves the use of excessive force when physical action is unnecessary, and it springs from factors such as the race, religion, and socioeconomic status of civilians. Misconduct and violence by the police can occur during protests and demonstrations, or everyday encounters with citizens. Much of the police brutality in the last few decades of American history can be identified to be dependent on racial factors,†¦show more content†¦While these type of protests against racism were common in the 1960s, it is rare to hear of such anti-racist demonstrations today, equaling less opportunities for police misconduct. Added to the decline of racist tendencie s among Americans, police brutality due to racism has understandably taken a steep nosedive, and will continue to do so in the future. In contrast, police violence due to apparent economic status is sharply on the rise in the United States. Citizens are more concerned than ever about income inequality. As economic disparity becomes more of a social topic and people feel strongly internally about such issues, Americans protest more. These protests, demonstrations and marches are more opportunities for police brutality. The motivation for this violence and misconduct can be seen in the previously mentioned Harvard study, which shows that increased class conscience among middle and upper class Americans leads to a strong decline in empathy for the poor. The Occupy Wall Street Movement, for example, was a financially-motivated protest started by anti-consumerist protesters who called themselves â€Å"the 99%†. During the Occupy Wall Street Movement, although protesters marched pe acefully, inexcusable incidents of police violence were carried out. Pepper spray was used liberally, decorated war veterans were shot, skulls were fractured, womenShow MoreRelatedBirth Order And Its Impact On Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagesis the role birth order has on their personalities and lives. Is birth order necessarily important? Does it honestly affect our personalities? Birth order has been controversial issue since biblical times for example Cain and Abel and Jacob and Esau. Psychologists have a lot of assumptions about how that individual behaves and responds to life whenever a person is a first born, middle child, youngest child, or only child. The questions remains, what difference does birth order make, and how trueRead MoreSocial Order And Its Effect On Society1386 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day social order is taken for granted. Social order is related to social realities, which are shared expectations about a chain of events, the types of people involved and associated behaviors and feelings (O’Brien, 2011). It is not until someone violates these realities and interactional routines that they recognize the difference and become aware. For this reason, during the 1950s, Harold Garfinkel developed the breaching experiment; a breaching experiment is an activity used in social scienceRead MoreSocial Orders And Its Effects On Society Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pageslike or where we originate from. Individuals have constantly realized that imbalance is divisive, socially destructive and comprised of multiple dimension. However, societies acceptance of inequality has developed a false sense of reality regarding equality, what is amazing, now that we have the information to think about social orders, is the way clear the impacts of imbalance are. 21st Century variations of systemic inequality echo’s inequalities of the past. Fifty years after the march onRead MoreGender Roles in Odysseus Order of Society929 Words   |  4 Pagesessential part in Homeric society. Book 1 sees Telemachos’ interaction with his mother Penelope that is again repeated in a few more scenes, which put emphasis on gender role in an ideal Homeric society. However, book 7 reveals an action that goes against the principles of gender role during the interaction between Odysseus and Arete. While there exists complexity in the ways women are treated, whether by them being confined or by exercising minimal power, the Homeric society ultimately remains a maleRead MoreThe Crusades And Its Impact On Society And Military Order963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople may consider the creation of the Templars and Hospitalers as a positive that came out of these Crusades. These two groups were created to help protect and aid the people of different cities. Both groups also had positive effects on society and military order which helped th e Crusades with their victories. With all that being said it all flipped flopped to the other side during the thirteenth and fourteenth century. Starting in the thirteenth century the focus of the Crusades switched dramaticallyRead MoreThe Need for Education in Order to be Successful in the American Society2256 Words   |  9 PagesThe need for education in order to be successful in the American society has increased dramatically over the past century. Even more so, the type of education needed has changed decade from decade. Unfortunately, the school system hasn’t been keeping pace, and a system based in the 1920’s isn’t getting the job done. Policies created to crutch the failing system aren’t doing their job efficiently to keep up with the demands and changes in society. Over 54,000,000 children are enrolled in some schoolingRead MoreOrder In A Civic Society Is Kept By A Great Many Agents1733 Words   |  7 PagesOrder in a civic society is kept by a great many agents; its political and cultural institutions, popular recognition of a sovereign authority, and security from foreign or domestic attack. Yet, the pursuit of one’s self-interest is not among the most traditionally cited examples. Its effect is indeed ambiguous; will it cause officials serving the people to corrupt the State or preserve it all the same? The political theorists Niccolà ² Machiavelli in The Discourses on Livy and Thomas Hobbes in LeviathanRead MoreEducation : A New Social Order For A Better Society And World Is More Important Than Ever Before Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pages(Grant Gillette, 2006). In today’s society I believe that using education to create a better society and world is more important than ever before. Currently, there are many marginalized groups that face countless issues every day. These issues begin as young as elementary school which is why I will use my platform as a teacher to address the issues through social reconstructionism. Like Counts said in his book, Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, â€Å"[t]he teaching profession†¦should eagerlyR ead MoreA Talk On The Paradox Of Education By James Baldwin809 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents are taught the true meaning of American history and identity must be established in order to create a society where people of all races contribute their ideals to society. Moreover, Baldwin implements a paradox where he addresses the contradiction of American education as one having to think for oneself and create your own ideals while still having to conform to the ideals being taught at school in order to demonstrate that the educational system is faulty and it must be changed; so all peopleRead MoreMilton Friedman s The Second Treatise Of Civil Government1530 Words   |  7 PagesSocieties are constantly evolving and reinventing themselves in order to keep up with the demands of the governed. Contesting ideas about what would improve a given society versus harm it often clash and lead to new debates, expanding the realm of issues that must be addressed. Therefore, what constitutes a good society is largely a moral question; for example, while some may value income equality as being one of the hallmarks of a fair and just society, others may view competition as a necessary

Comparison Between Twelfth Night and the Rivals Free Essays

Final Paper A0981150 Compare Twelfth Night with The Rivals, both of them are comedies evolving around several couples. The two plays contain the device of disguise and mistaken identity. In Twelfth Night, Viola disguises herself as Cesario, which attracts Orsino and Olivia; while in The Rivals, Jack Absolute disguises himself as Ensign Beverley, who fascinates Lydia. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Twelfth Night and the Rivals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Speaking of similarities, both the disguises lead to the characters’ affairs, and they are proved to be true love at the end of the plays. On the other hand, as for differences, in Twelfth Night, Viola disguises herself as a man, and that results in her complex situation, a love triangle. Instead, in The Rivals, Jack takes the disguise as an ensign, which does not alter his real gender as a man; therefore, his situation is purer, that is, earning Lydia’s heart only and not drawing other admirer. Both the plays mention the communication of mails. In Twelfth Night, Maria writes letters to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia. The function of letters in this play is to trick Malvolio, who is such a fool that believes the countess Olivia, a woman of a higher rank than his, would fall in love with him. In The Rivals, the function of letters is simpler, that is, Jack writes to Lydia to court her under the mistaken identity of a poor Ensign in order to win her affection or some other sentiment. In The Rivals, Jack Absolute’s line â€Å"Pho! man, is not music the food of love? is an allusion to Twelfth Night. In the beginning of Twelfth Night, Orsino says â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nevertheless, these two characters utter such statement in very different situations. Orsino, at that time, is melancholic and insanely in love, by contrast, Jack says his line when his friend, Faulkland, is getting crazy since his lover’s merriment during his absence irritates him. Thus Jack plays the role of a calm, reasonable, and comforting friend. Compare the situations the two characters Orsino and Jack are in, their state of mind is completely different. The former stands for sentimental emotion, while the latter represents rationality. The two plays also involve the same element, duel. In Twelfth Night, Sir Andrew demands a duel with Cesario in order to have Olivia as lover. In The Rivals, encouraged by Sir Lucius, Acres writes a challenge note to â€Å"Beverley† to a duel. However, these two fights are in vain, the disturbers cannot achieve their goals to win the girls they want. These plots seem unimportant, but the duels actually help the meant-to-be couples to assure themselves that they have chosen the suitable ones for love and marriage. On account of the duels, the couples either reunite or get to know each other’s true identity. Generally speaking, the duels add much entertainment to the plays. Most important of all, they elicit the happy endings. How to cite Comparison Between Twelfth Night and the Rivals, Papers

Sonnets And Songs free essay sample

Sonnets and songs share number of things in common. One example is that they both rhyme at the end of each line. Today’s songs don’t usually rhyme, unless if the songs are under the genres of hip-hop and rap, but most of the songs from the 60s, 70s and 90s do rhyme. One of few differences between a song and a sonnet is the way it appeals to the audiences or the readers and the kind of language that is used in these two different two pieces of writing. The song ‘I Will’ by The Beatles and ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the Ways’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. For number of reasons, ‘I Will’ by The Beatles appeals more affectively to the audiences as it has repetitions, exaggerations and it has the tune that will be remembered by the audiences. Firstly, the sonnet ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the ways’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning is a sonnet about her love, who is anonymous in the sonnet. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnets And Songs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She uses many adjectives and poetic devices such as similes and metaphors. She also used some repetitions such as â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for right; I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to use† Although this sonnet is very sweet, it uses old English from 1800s that people today don’t use. Most of the people can’t understand most of the English that is used in this sonnet. The repetition shows a little bit of the sonnet’s rhyming pattern. It is quite different from the rhyming pattern that is in the song, ‘I Will’. Secondly, The Beatles use some poetic devices just like Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet except with some exaggerations and most importantly, it is a song, which mean that it will have tune in it. The tune in ‘I Will’ is the biggest difference that differentiates songs from sonnets. The tunes in songs make songs more memorable than sonnets; for example, The Beatles’ songs are going to be more memorable than Shakespearean sonnets. Whereas Browning’s sonnet is about her love to this person, The Beatles’ song is about his willingness to do anything for his love toward this person. The Beatles also exaggerated a little bit in the repetitive part of the song such as â€Å"Love you forever and forever, love you with all my heart, love you whenever were together, love you when were apart† The rhyming pattern used n this song can be seen in the example of repetition. The pattern uses ABAC DEDF pattern, which means it rhymes every second lines but random words are in the every other second lines. Furthermore, everyone knows that normal person can’t live forever, so the exaggerations in the song lyrics make the audiences know that this man loves this person so much that he’ll wait until his death. Thirdly, The Beatles were more effective than Browning when conveying the same theme because of the exaggeration, repetition and the tune. The old English from Browning’s sonnet made it difficult for the readers from 2012 to read and understand the meanings behind the sonnet whereas The Beatles used the modern English and had the tune in their sonnet, basically a song, and they used the same theme, similar poetic devices. Furthermore they were able to get the meanings of the song over to the audiences. Having similar structure and theme made it easier to see which piece of writing is more effective in conveying the theme. To sum up, The Beatles’ song, ‘I Will’ was more effective in conveying the theme than Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the ways’ as it had easily memorable tune, exaggerations and some poetic devices such as similes, metaphors and repetitions. Although Browning and The Beatles used similar themes and poetic devices, The Beatles was more effective only because it was easily understandable by most of the people and had that easily memorable tune. Maybe if Browning’s sonnet had modern English and tunes, it might have been more effective in conveying the theme than The Beatles.

The Most Appealing Things In Life Essays - Citrus, Kumquat

The Most Appealing Things In Life : It seems to me that the most appealing things in life are those which lie just beyond our reach. Whether they are there because they are appealing or appealing simply because they are there, I doubt I will ever know, but they are there and I for one feel the need to reach out for them periodically in the hopes of one day satisfying my hunger for the untouchable. Like Tantalus, standing neck high in a stream directly below a tree full of all varieties of fruit: apples, oranges, grapes, bananas, kiwis, and pineapples, watermelons, and kumquats. But every time we bend down to drink from the cool waters of the stream it lowers, and every time we reach up to pick a fruit, we fall short. But we try and try nonetheless. I remember when I was 8, living on Cannon Air Force Base got to be a little boring. Within the safe walls of the Base housing a child's life got to be routine, same people, same games, day after day. Finding myself bored and noncomplacent with the everyday routine, while all my friends were content to sit in the stream and never thought of jumping up for a fruit, I decided to look up into that tree. I needed something great, something magnificent, I needed to do something that would have those conformist peons groveling at my feet. I saw the fruit I was going to pick. It appeared to me in the form of fame. I knew what I wanted, but a problem presented itself. How was I to pick this magnificent fruit? A magic trick came to mind, one I had recently seen performed by a neighbor in her front yard. She had climbed into her tree, tied a noose around her neck and jumped. After dangling from her neck for a few seconds she magically came back to life. That's what I would do. It would be great. I made my noose, I climbed my tree and put the noose around my neck. With a crowd gathered around in my front yard I was ready to amaze my audience with my magical abilities. I jumped for that fruit, and jumped from the tree. I heard the air whiz by and the rope crackle as it tightened around the branch I had fastened it to. Half a second later I found myself two and a half feet short of fame and the ground. Had it not been for my inability to properly tie a noose, I would have remained dangling from my neck rather that come crashing back down to the cool waters of the stream with a rope burn around my neck and no fruit in my hand. When I had seen the trick done by my neighbor, I was so mystified by this magical feat that I didn't bother to look at her ?magical? feet, which were tip-toeing across the ground. A stupid oversight, which almost earned me death, but what's death to a boy? Nothing. when we are young we can do or try to do anything, and I would keep jumping for those fruits of different kinds and different shapes every time, and I would fall short again and again, and they would bring me scars and scabs and rope burns and near death, but I would not stop jumping and reaching. The most recent attempt at one of those enticing fruits began my sophomore year. I looked up into that big tree we know as Montwood High School and saw one kumquat bigger and brighter than the rest. She was 5'5, bright eyes, blonde hair, great skin, you know, perfect. I pointed up into the branches, and looking over to my friends said ?I'm going to get her.? They laughed and disregarded the thought. As far as they were concerned it was impossible, and I was beginning to doubt the possibility myself. One year passed and I found myself once again, in the graces of the Gifted and Talented class. I soon noticed my fears and doubts were being put to rest. When I walked passed her in the halls I could swear I saw her looking at me, I knew

What Drives Organizational Change Essay Example

What Drives Organizational Change Essay Example What Drives Organizational Change Essay What Drives Organizational Change Essay What Drives Organizational Change? Gregory Fenwick MGT380 July 25, 2011 Garren Hamby What Drives Organizational Change? Organizations change for many different reasons and situations. Some organizations need change to better themselves, others need change organizational change just to survive and stay in business. Some organizations need to change because of growth, and some change because of downsizing. This paper will look at many different reasons for change and how that change is brought about, including if the change is good or bad for an organization. In business management is faced with competitive environments that sometimes dictate change to keep up with or to surpass competition. The organizations that are able to make effective organizational changes are the ones that survive and prosper while the organizations that do not make the changes necessary to compete often are put out of business by the organizations that can. Even if an organization is able to change their organization, 84% of those organizations will not be successful after the change. This staggering fact raises questions of why management would participate in a major organizational change with such a high failure rate. One idea based upon the economic perspective of organizational change is based upon the â€Å"Management as Control† assumption. This assumption is that â€Å"In competitive economies, firm survival depends on satisfying shareholders. Failure to do this will lead them to either move their capital to other companies or to use their influence to replace senior management with those better aligned with their interests. Therefore, managers conduct change in order to produce better organizational performance in the form of better quarterly results with correspondingly better company share prices. (Managing Organizational Change, Palmer, Dunford, Akin; 2009) Another perspective which is aligned with change management images is the â€Å"Management as Shaping† assumption, which is part of the organizational learning perspective. This perspective assumes that â€Å"Organizations and human systems of all sorts are complex and evolving and therefore cannot be reduced to a singl e, linear objective of maximizing shareholder value. † (Managing Organizational Change, Palmer, Dunford, Akin; 2009) This perspective is based upon the theory that the objectives of this type of change are based upon the need to increase an organization’s adaptive capacity. This includes how an organization might achieve shareholder value. The knowledge needed for achieving these goals is likely to change over time, so it is imperative to build the capacity to both respond to, and shape external changes. This is another reason why management conducts change. One focus for creating change is Environmental Pressure. Environmental Pressure occurs when an organization’s resources decrease because of a reduced demand for products and sales decrease in market share. This includes bad investment decisions. In extreme cases organizational change because of Environmental Pressure is designed to turn around negative cash flow to avoid bankruptcy or â€Å"Organizational Death†. Environmental Pressures include Fashion Pressures or mimetic isomorphism which is when a company imitates another company because of the successful changes that they have made. An example is Boeing Co. imitating General Electric. Mandated Pressure is another environmental pressure that causes organizational change because of a lawsuit or settlement that mandates organizational change. An example of Mandated Pressure is ChevronTexaco after settling a racial discrimination lawsuit changing its organizational structure to include establishment of an external diversity task force charged with monitoring the company’s practices and ensuring fair treatment for minority staff. Sometimes change is forced upon an organization through formally mandated requirements or coercive isomorphism, where organizations are forced to take on activities similar to those of other organizations because of outside demands placed upon them. These mandated pressures can be formal (government mandates), or informal (to get the support of other organizations). Geopolitical Pressures are environmental pressures that have impacts on a range of businesses because they are related to global crises. An example of this is the attacks on September 11, 2001. Many businesses were affected by the crises and because of lack of demand or drops in sales many organizations had to make major changes to survive the downturn caused by the global crises. Market Decline Pressures are environmental pressures that are based on declining markets or products and services. With the decline in the market for certain products and services organizational changes would have to be made to combat the decline. This includes layoffs, and downsizing operations. An example of this is AOL Time Warner when broadband was introduced in the U. S. market AOL Time Warner had to make major organizational changes to keep competitive with the broadband carriers, and eventually became an internet web site only, hosting email and other internet services to remain competitive. Hypercompetition Pressures are environmental pressures that are caused by aggressive companies trying to overtake a market segment, causing organizations to make major changes to stay competitive in the market. An example of this is Dell Computer overtaking Gateway in 1998 for computer sales and causing Gateway to make major organizational changes to keep competitive with Dell. Reputation and Credibility Pressures are another reason for organizational change. When a company’s reputation or credibility come into question, that is usually a time for an organizational change to rebuild the reputation or credibility of the organization. An example of this is Walt Disney Company had a bad reputation of having one of the worst corporate boards in the United States. The Disney Company had all sorts of problems with credibility because of their lax corporate structure until the corporate crises that confronted Enron, Tyco and Worldcom. Because of the scandals that rocked those companies and their shareholders, the Disney Company made major changes to rectify their corporate structure problems to avoid the perception of being tied to one of those companies. At the Company this writer work for, Ameriforge Group, Inc. they have just undertaken an organizational change because of the overwhelming increase in business. This increase has caused major problems in meeting due dates for product to be delivered to the customer. The organizational change consisted of hiring a production coordinator and an assistant production coordinator to work with each department to help move the production of products faster and more efficient ly. The company also restructured some personnel to accommodate the increase in production and hired new personnel with more experience in large production to build a plan to tackle the production problems. So far these changes have helped to increase production an increase delivery times. Organizational change is an important part of the business world. Organizations that can change and adapt to ever-changing situations and markets are the ones that will survive and flourish. Organizations that cannot change and adapt in a short period of time will fall behind their competition and will have a hard time surviving. Change is not easy. It takes time and dedication from everyone in the organization. Communicating change is also very important to the success of the change. There are many reasons for organizational change. Some reasons will work and some will fail, but the companies that are willing to adapt and change for the better will be the ones that will be here for a long time. References Akin, G. , Dunford, R. , Palmer, I. (2006). Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Perspectives Approach (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Kotter, J. P. (1986). Leading Change (). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Internet Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Internet Privacy - Essay Example Electronic network in privacy is part of a person’s property. The persons in question are subscribed in transactions cognizable to the law to obtain internet access within their scope. Using such property without their permission is intrusive impliedly adds up to trespass. This is because it could expose that person’s (legal or real) information to the public. Use of the next person’s bandwidth of internet access could lead to legal actions. This is because the person pays for the network access. The violation stretches to network providing firms as which bear the financial loss in the equation. Invasion of one’s internet access is proof of the invading party’s capability to sabotage their security. Whether knowingly or unknowingly, such acts are illegal and could be presented for action by law enforcement. The FBI for example takes into account cyber activity tracked to specific persons through intelligence. Workplace or home network access is limited to the people subscribed to them and those allowed by such groups. This allocation process by network firms allows for security by creating circles of privacy. Accessing information from firm’s data as well adds up to

Hurricane Katrina Rescue Efforts Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hurricane Katrina Rescue Efforts - Term Paper Example On 25th August 2005, the landfall took place in Florida and was estimated to be of category 1. As it was moving towards the tip of Florida winds were observed to lower down but then it again gained the force when it moved ahead to Mexico. Increased force was observed through the movement of Katrina as it was travelling towards west and then North. The conditions of atmosphere and surface of the sea turned the storm into a disastrous hurricane by 26th afternoon. The force of the hurricane continued and attained utmost wind speed on 28TH August and further reached to the category 4 level when reached to south on 29th August regardless of dry air.(Vigdor 136) Hurricane Katrina-The Impacts Hurricane Katrina was one of the strongest storms in United States thus it caused extraordinary terrible destructions all over the states of the Gulf Coast. Loss of Life When the first landfall of Katrina took place its strength was of category 1and 11 deaths were noted at that time. It then extended t o category 5 where actual number of deaths is still unknown but reported 1836 by some reports. While 705 people are reportedly missing since then. (Petterson 645) Floods The blend of tough winds, storm and heavy rains caused crack in the earthen levee leaving New Orleans under 20ft of flood water. Other cities also face about 20-30ft of flood till days after the landfall. (Petterson 648) Economy Oil industry faced a lot of distraction because the oil assembly in Mexico was abridged by 95% per day due to which gasoline prices reached its peak. On the other hand people lost their properties too and it was reported that $81 billion is the cost of property scratches. Thousands of people were left unemployed after the Hurricane.(Petterson 651) Power Loss More than 1.7 million citizens were facing power shortage till several weeks and it was not possible to repair it due to the effects of disastrous hurricane.(Petterson 653) Loss of Infrastructure Katrina Hurricane caused airports to be f looded, bridges were destroyed, small roads were underwater and highways were not in a condition to be crossed. The condition was unbearable and people were badly stuck as there was no way out. (Petterson 655) Hurricane Katrina-Relief Efforts United States’ Government, people of United States and the Governments of other countries jointly participated in the relief efforts of the Hurricane. More than ten thousand volunteers served not only at the time of rescuing people but even after the hurricane when shelters were set up in many states for the effected people. More than 15000 people were houseless and needed shelter and food. (Vigdor 137) At the time of landfall around 34000 people were rescued in New Orleans by the Coast Guard, citizens’ leaded boats and tendered shelter, water and food to the people.(Vigdor 139). Federal Emergency Management was however not well prepared for the disaster but prepared shelters in various states for the refugees later on and made al l possible efforts in order to fulfill their needs. Donations were provided by more than 70 countries across the world in order to provide relief assistance to the effected people. The largest donation of $500 million was made by the government of Qatar while others also contributed whole heartedly. (Vigdor 149). Disaster Medical Assistance Team was formed in Atlanta and Houston.

Wake up to nutella

Wake up to nutella WAKE UP TO NUTELLA CAMPAIGN of 2007 in UK 1. Context Analysis This communications plan focuses on the Wake Up to nutella promotion campaign of 2007 in the UK. The planning of the campaign by the Ferrero Group UK took around eight months and the promotion campaign had a total duration of approximately one year. (See Appendix 1 for further information about the company profile and its range of products). a. The internal and external context The most important opportunity of Ferrero was its differentiated nutella product that had low competition in the UK market. Main competitors were only Rowse Chocolate and Hazelnut Spread and Traidcraft Fairtrade Chocolate Hazelnut Spread. Furthermore the pricing of nutella created an opportunity for the company, as nutella was cheaper than the competitive products. Traidcraft Fairtrade Chocolate Hazelnut Spread for instance was being sold for  £2.26 for 400g and nutella for only  £1.59 for 400g. A threat for nutella represented the changing eating habits and lifestyle of consumers (social factors). Nowadays, the trend is going towards a healthier lifestyle and healthier eating. Due to the fact that nutella contains chocolate, the product was perceived as indulgence and unhealthy by many consumers. b. The customer context The main target market, which is a specific group Ferrero UK aims the product nutella at, are both female and male schoolchildren at the age group between 5 and 14 years and teenagers and college students, also both female and male. This target group is also described as a group of people who are having for breakfast toast with something on it, such as jam or peanut butter. Another reason targeting young people is that they tend to prefer eating sweet for breakfast. This target group is easier to convince to switch from jam or peanut butter to nutella than people who are not eating toast for breakfast. The target audience, which is a group of people the nutella advertising message is designed at, are parents, but mainly mothers of the target market. The target audience is described as urban and middle to upper middle class families. The mothers of the young children and teenagers are the ones the communication message is aimed at and they are the most influential person in the buying decision. In order to illustrate the importance of the mothers which form the target audience, the Decision Making Unit theory of B2C can be used: Usera target group; schoolchildren at the age between 5 and 14 years, teenagers and college students, males and females. Influencera target audience; mothers who need to be convinced about nutella, who require nutritional information about nutella and who are giving nutella to their children. Influencer can also be opinion leaders such as school teachers, doctors, celebrities, the media etc. Decision makera target audience; the mothers who are deciding what to give to their children for breakfast and therefore they represent the most important target of nutella. Purchaser atarget audience such as mothers who have the financial possibility to buy the product and therefore they are the most important group that needs to be convinced. Additionally, Ferrero UK decided to target mothers who are already giving their children toast for breakfast as these are perceived to be easier to convince to switch to nutella rather than mothers that are not already giving their children toast for breakfast. Due to the fact that sales of nutella in UK are low, compared to other European countries, the target market can be described as new to the product nutella rather than existing customers. Furthermore, the target is neither loyal to the brand nor loyal to a competitor. The target market consists of current users of other spread products for breakfast such as jam, cheese, peanut butter etc. There is actually no comparable competition to nutella ´s hazelnut spread in the UK but there are substitute products on the market, as already mentioned. c. Level of awareness, perception and attitudes towards nutella in UK Despite the worldwide success of nutella, the product suffered from a bad image in the UK, as it can be seen from the diagram above. Most people in the UK, in comparison with the rest of Europe, perceived nutella as a threat and indulgence, especially amongst the mothers. However, in other European countries nutella was perceived as a breakfast ritual and a favourite spread that was also gladly given to children.   The bad consumer perception about nutella was the main reason for the â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign. d. Stakeholder context The most important stakeholders of the nutella campaign were: Internal: Staff and management; they needed to be convinced about nutella in order to create a positive word-of-mouth effect to friends and relatives. Furthermore, they were involved in the work of the campaign and therefore they were also responsible for the success of the campaign. The tools of communication with internal stakeholders were face to face meetings, the intranet and newsletters.   Connected: Intermediaries; such as supermarkets that were buying nutella from Ferrero and selling them to the end-user. They needed to be convinced to include nutella into their assortment. The way of communication with intermediaries was direct (face to face), as high involvement decisions between two businesses were involved. External: Media; The media represented an opinion leading function, articles and reports about the campaign and the product itself were published and this has had an high influence on consumer ´s perception about Ferrero/the campaign/nutella. Key ways of communication were a press conference prior campaign launch and regular interviews from the CEO of Ferrero UK about the campaign. Regular interviews assured up-to-date information flow to the customers and increased brand awareness, due to the fact that nutella was mentioned on regular basis in several newspapers and magazines. Customers; most important stakeholders as they are the ones who are buying the product. Ways of communication were the various communication tools that will be mentioned later in this assignment. 2. Communications objectives Research that was undertaken prior the campaign showed that consumers perception about nutella being a treat was based on wrong ingredient information. Many UK customers understood nutella being a chocolate spread and not a hazelnut spread. According to that, the first and most important communication objective of the campaign was to reposition the brand as a hazelnut spread. This implied to better inform the customer about the ingredients. In addition, other communication objectives, using the DAGMAR model as an example (see appendix 2) have been to create brand awareness and brand knowledge but also to increase purchase. To raise awareness and knowledge of nutella was important in order to attract new customers. To increase purchase was crucial in order to gain more new customers and to increase the total revenues of nutella.   Another important communication objective was to change the image of nutella in UK. The main goal was to shift nutella ´s image as unhealthy and a treat towards a positive and healthy hazelnut breakfast spread that is also given to children. Moreover, Ferrero UK aimed to achieve the perception of nutella being an everyday product for children, a good source of energy and a trustworthy product with high quality ingredients. In comparison to communication objectives, marketing objectives are sales-related objectives that are above all measurable, specific, targeted and timed (SMART). (Pickton and Broderick, 2006) Ferrero UK defined its marketing objectives as follows: To increase the volume sales within three years time (up to 40%) To drive nutella ´s household penetration from 7.54% to 10.6% by September 2008 To bring nutella to 765, 000 more households a year To increase market share by 2% Corporate objectives of Ferrero UK were the following: Having its focus on customer relationship which is â€Å"based on knowledge, experience, sensitivity and intuition and a mutual and enduring loyalty† (ferrero.com) Care about social issues, food safety and local communities and its human resources (ferrero.com) To reach market leadership by following the rules of developing innovative products that are fresh and of high quality (ferrero.com) 3. Marketing communications strategy After defining the main target segments and key stakeholders, it was crucial for Ferrero to decide in favour of Push, Pull or Profile strategy. For the â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign Ferrero decided in favour of a combination between Push and Pull strategy. The aim of the push strategy was to convince intermediaries to promote and sell nutella in their supermarkets. That means that the communication flows down from Ferrero to the retailer and from the retailer to end user. The push strategy appeared to be reasonable because nutella is a low involvement and impulse buying product and there is currently low brand loyalty towards nutella. The assumption that nutella is a low involvement product comes from the fact that it is a FMCG at a low price ( £1.49). Ferrero also used several communication tools such as advertising and promotion to convince the customer to seek out for nutella and require it from supermarkets (Pull strategy). This strategy was aimed to provide information about the product (e.g. nutella is a hazelnut spread and not chocolate spread) to a wider audience and finally pull nutella from the retailer. For Ferrero it was important to use both strategies because with the push strategy they tried to create a demand and desire for the product (with trade promotions and coupons) and the pull strategy enabled Ferrero to build the nutella brand and inform the people about the product. While the push strategy targeted the supermarkets and was able to boost short-term goals such as impulse purchase, the pull strategy targeted the end user and could focus on long-term results such as building brand awareness and trust. 4. Coordinated promotional mix The â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign was aimed to reposition the negative image of nutella in the UK. Ferrero UK decided in favour of using media tools such as Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations and Direct Marketing in order to create synergy. The campaign started with a big TV advertisement with the aim to reach a large audience at relatively low costs. In addition, advertising appeared to be the best tool for raising awareness (see appendix 3). The main communication messages from the TV advertising were: Contains 52 hazelnuts, a glass of skimmed milk and a dash of cocoa (a aim: to inform people about the ingredients and that nutella is a hazelnut cream and not chocolate cream) Good as a part of a balanced breakfast (astrongest message; to use it for breakfast) Not just an occasional treat (aaim: to use nutella as a everyday product) Good source of slow release energy Something I ´d be happy to give my kids (a aim: to show whom nutella is aimed at) Public relations were used to add credibility to the customer about nutella at very low costs but also to reinforce the raising awareness aim (see appendix 3). Public relations consisted of various radio and press adverts. On behalf of nutella nutritionist were writing articles in women magazines about nutella in order to increase the credibility. Additionally, two press adverts were published in women and family magazines across UK to target the target audience (families, especially mother) and the target market (children). Both press adverts had the same message- â€Å"surprisingly Nutella on toast can be good for breakfast†. Sales promotion was used to target the already identified target audience and to support the credibility of the product (See appendix 3). Sales promotion consisted of samplings in Asda, Morrisons, Tesco and Makro stores with the aim to increase trial, represent nutella as a positive brand and boost impulse sales. Various price cuts and Buy one get one free promotionsprior the Back to School period were aimed to increase short-term sales. Direct marketing was aimed to deliver a personal message to the target audience and target market but also provide interaction between Ferrero and its customers. Ferrero created an own website, based on the campaign -This brand website had the goal to inform the target audience about the brand but also to collect individual data by subscribing to receive e-newsletters. The reason for this brand website was also to generate brand awareness (see appendix 3) but also to form brand attitude (Pelsmacker, Geuens, Van den Bergh, 2005). Furthermore, according to Mintel 2009 food manufacturers are increasingly using the medium internet for targeting children. â€Å"Thirty percent of 8-16 year-olds say that they try food or drinks after seeing them online† (Mintel, Children Eating Habits UK, 2009). Ferrero also recognised this opportunity and targeted its main target market with its online campaign. To sum up, it can be said that Ferrero used an Integrated Marketing Communications approach in order to â€Å"provide clarity, consistency and maximum communication impact† (Pelsmacker, Geuens, Van den Bergh, 2005). Furthermore they had one consistent message that was presented by various tools. In addition, it can be said that different tools vary in their effectiveness. Advertising for instance is a good tool for creating awareness but it is not a good tool to increase sales. However, Personal selling can increase sales but it is not recommended for increasing awareness of the product. Ferrero decided in favour of a synergy of different tools in order to meet all of their objectives. 5. Human and Financial Resources The immense â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign was the biggest and most expensive campaign Ferrero UK ever experienced. The total costs of the campaign were  £8m whereas the television advertising and the press advert solely accounted for  £4m. These figures appear to be enormous but when comparing the size of the company and the total annual turnover of 170m EUR, marketing expenditures of  £8m appear to be appropriate. Additionally, though the campaign was expensive, it was able to generate a payback of  £1.85 for every  £1 spent. Besides the financial aspect, the human resources are crucial for every successful campaign. Ferrero UK consists of 133 employees working in several departments such as Marketing, Sales, Finance and I.T. Especially for this campaign Marketing Manager Mr. R. Groumdes-Peace required a close collaboration between single departments to exchange ideas and to profit from different know-how. In addition, the company was providing several trainings in order to involve all employees into the campaign. The television campaign and press advertising were created by Krow Communications, a famous London Communication Agency. The reason for choosing an outstanding agency was the lack of marketing expertise for this enormous and challenging campaign. Ferrero UK decided to hire Krow Communications for this campaign, as they were already well-established in the market and had famous clients such as Unilever, Fiat etc. For the Public Relations campaign Ferrero hired various nutritionists that were writing articles on behalf of nutella with the aim to communicate trust and credibility to the consumer. Here again Ferrero relied on the know-how of outstanding experts. The whole work of Ferrero UK consisted of making strategic decisions and finding other agencies that will implement the ideas for the campaign such as to create an interesting and convincing advertising that will fulfil their objectives. Finally, Ferrero UK employed Millward Brown, a research company that undertook the evaluation of the campaign. The whole planning process took around eight months and the campaign had a total duration of one year. 6. Scheduling and Implementation The duration of the â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign was one year but it was implemented in three phases (August 2007, December 2007 and December 2008). Ferrero decided in favour of a DRIP approach which means to use the promotional tools to differentiate its product from others, remind customers of the product but more importantly to inform them about the ingredients of the product and finally persuade them to buy nutella. Moreover, expenditure was spread in more than one period, in order to create presence over a longer period of time. 1st phase of repositioning campaign The first phase of the repositioning campaign started on the 27th of August 2007, a few days before the Back to School period and it consisted of one television advertising and two press adverts. In this phase the most important tools were advertising and sales promotion (sampling) due to the objective to increase high awareness amongst schoolchildren and mothers. 2nd phase of repositioning campaign The second phase started in January 2008/February 2008 just before the Pancake Day and consisted of the TV ad and press ads from the 1st phase. The goal with repeating the TV ad and press ads was to remind the customer of nutella as a good occasion to buy for Pancake Day. 3rd phase of repositioning campaign New press adverts and a new improved version of the TV advertisement were launched between September and November 2008. The reason for a new press advert was simply to refresh the whole campaign and the TV advertisement needed to be improved due to a number of complains. The Advertising Standard Authority (ASA) in UK required to change the information from per jar to per portion and to leave the information â€Å"good as part of a balanced breakfast†. Ferrero UK changed the key information from the TV ad into â€Å"A 15g portion contains 2 hazelnuts, skimmed milk and cocoa† and didn ´t mention the balanced breakfast anymore. Furthermore, the push strategy was scheduled prior the pull strategy in order to communicate and convince the supermarkets to include nutella in their assortment. Moreover, Ferrero wanted to convince the supermarkets to support the campaign with sampling promotions in their supermarkets. Because of this reason Ferrero UK firstly concentrated on its push strategy (prior 1st repositioning phase) and then on the pull strategy (1st to 3rd phase). 7. Evaluation and Control Ferrero UK created an immense campaign supported by different promotional tools. During but especially after the â€Å"Wake up to nutella† campaign Ferrero UK has undertaken research to identify if the objectives they have set have been achieved and which of the promotional tools helped the most in achieving these objectives. Millward Brown, one of the world ´s leading research companies was hired by Ferrero to undertake the evaluation of the campaign. According to the findings of Millward Brown, the TV advertisement achieved an Awareness Index of 11 whereas the average index in the UK is 6.

New Coke Case Study

1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Ted Levitt posed the question, â€Å"What business is it in?† he was blurring the distinction between â€Å"industry† and â€Å"market.†Ã‚   Rather than limiting corporate scope, this question challenges companies to look beyond their immediate material product or service and examine the spectrum of ways they can (and should) target the greater public appeal. Coca-Cola is in the beverage industry and in the market of appealing to nostalgia and personal emotional connections to its international patronage.   Coca-Cola’s â€Å"business† is to offer a sweet, fun, memory-inspiring portable beverage that inspires nostalgia for a carefree time gone by.   Coca-Cola is a sense-memory product that relies on a perception of indulgence and comfort. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From its beginnings as â€Å"†Pemberton's French Wine Coca,† in 1886, Coca-Cola’s brand building strategy relied heavily on appealing to the national emotion and current conviction of any given time period.   â€Å"†Pemberton's French Wine Coca† was advertised as a â€Å"nerve tonic,† good for alleviating morphine addiction.   When the nation turned to temperance, Pemberton reinvented the brand appeal by advocating Coca-Cola as a non-alcoholic enjoyable substitute.   Likewise, the ingredient cocaine was removed in response to the public sentiment.   In 1904, the name Coca-Cola appeared, in essentially the same script format as is used today.   By generally maintaining visual continuity, Coke achieves a connotation of timelessness. Coke’s meanings all stem from an emphasis on wholesomeness and small town Americana images.   This was best captured during the Great Depression, when Coca-Cola used the slogan â€Å"The Pause that Refreshes† paired with a seemingly carefree Everyman heading to work.   This contradiction in marketing and real life worked for Coke, which did not suffer a devastating economic impact as a result of the depressed country. Coke began its Santa Claus campaign in the 1920s, but it was artist Haddon Sundblom’s now classic 1931 image of a jolly old man in a bright red suit that solidified the connection between Coke and â€Å"The Most Wonderful Time of the Year.†Ã‚   The iconic figure of the generous and loving figure of comfort matched with Coke’s image as a drink for every good American citizen.   Latching onto the cultural and emotional connection of Christians to St. Nick proved critical to Coke’s attempts to forever connect with the rosy yester-year. This strategy is not replicable in today’s marketing environment.   Socially, the target audience(s) is too polarized for a specific iconic image, particularly an over-commercialized figure associated with a specific religion.   Post Cold-War America is less responsive to over-romanticized images, and given the divisive nature of religious images in the secular marketplace, the response Coke garnered in 1931 would not be the same for a new, less acculturated product. 3. Coke’s advertising stresses brand engagement, emphasizing consumer loyalty and a positive personal image that is common to â€Å"Coke drinkers.†Ã‚   The advertising capitalizes on the cultural desires for conformity, connection to a greater social idea, and purchase with a common and â€Å"more desirable† past; these impulses are satisfied by images and well-crafted slogans or jingles. Coke’s visual art/image campaign directly taps into a level of communication that transcends language barriers.   Their choices reflect strategic attempts to align with patriotic, socially commendable images, including well-known and powerful entertainment luminaries who may have commanded additional financial support. When Hollywood influences fashion, language, behavioral or religious trends, it is widely considered the natural order of the beautiful, wealthy elite modeling correct behavior for the lower, coarser classes.   In contrast, marketers are perceived to be embodying the unethical pursuit of money when they more overtly sell the same trends.   In our consumer-driven culture, however, marketers are fulfilling the edicts of capitalism more legitimately than celebrities. 4.   In contrast to Coke, Pepsi cast itself as the youthful drink: fresh, light, and savvier than antiquated Coke.   Slogans targeted a specific young adult market, and advertising featured pop stars and current sports celebrities.   It was a threat to Coke, though it became much more of a threat due to Coke’s reaction. Coke had built its reputation on core stability, and in response to a legitimate competitor, Coke radically violated the very principles that kept it at the top of the beverage market.   Coke could have reemphasized its history, it’s longevity, it’s fidelity to the taste generations of consumers appreciated and expected; consumers had proven over the years that while other products may gain popularity, Coke would remain a solid choice in the market. 5.   Both Keough and Goizueta assumed that change meant positive progress, and that if Pepsi was succeeding at any level, it was because consumers craved something radical.   The advent of calorie counting led to the boom of diet drinks, and Goizueta had already enacted a shift in corporate philosophy by green-lighting Diet Coke.   In the framework of the Coca-Cola advertising history, these assumptions were directly violating all of the brand building work.   New Coke philosophically undermined what the meaning makers intended. 6.    This case reveals that powerful brand meaning is a double-edged sword:   if a product hinges its campaign on comforting emotional continuance, there will be a logical backlash against change, even in the name of positive progress.   This case demonstrates the role of brand loyalty in the negative light; that is, the consumers’ â€Å"passion† (as Keough suggests) can work swiftly against a favored product due to years of brand meaning cultivation. 7.New Coke failed because it directly conflicted with the brand meaning that executives had worked for decades to confirm in the public consciousness. 8.   Keough is correct, but the statement is misleading to some extent.   Research demonstrated that people didn’t reject the taste of New Coke:   people resented a perceived betrayal by what they were encouraged to believe was the most moral and patriotic of beverage-producing companies.   Coca-Cola’s original, consistent and effective marketing succeeded only too well, effectively destroying the New Coke campaign. Emotional attachments may not be quantifiable within traditional statistical methodology, but Coke had significant data to support the effectiveness of their nostalgia connection to inform them of the customer’s product loyalty.   The customers were simply behaving in the way Coke had spent nearly a century urging them to. Bibliography Fournier, Susan. 1999. Introducing New Coke. Harvard Business Review.

St. Augustine’s Confessions

During his time, St. Augustine wrote thirteen autobiographical books entitled â€Å"Confessions†. The book tells how St. Augustine life was changed from living a sinful life to his conversion to Christianity. After studying the Confessions by St. Augustine, several parallelisms can be seen between the said autobiography and the Old and New Testament of the Christian Bible. Parallelisms do not appear only within the text but as well as in structure and format. One of the major parallelisms that can be seen between Augustine’s Confession and the Bible is the pattern or way of developing each stage or part of each one. The Bible started by the creation of everything perceivable by the human senses. On the other hand, Augustine’s Confession started by telling the story of Augustine’s childhood, his birth. Thus, Augustine’s birth symbolizes the creation in the first of book of the Bible, in the book of Genesis. The development of Augustine’s Confessions also followed the same trend as the Bible. The first eight books of the Confessions told the story of Augustine’s life from infancy to living in sin and then, finding his way to God. The story of Augustine’s infancy can be related to the story of Adam and Eve in the Old Testament. As an infant, Augustine knows nothing of sin, innocent as Adam and Eve were in the beginning. Then, Augustine was exposed to the world along with its sinful desires that causes Augustine to live a life afar from God, just as Adam and Eve after eating the fruit of knowledge of good and evil. Augustine continues to live his life following the desires of the flesh until he sees hopelessness without God. This part of Augustine’s life somehow reflects the Old Testament. The Israelites continued to sin causing them to reach the promise land in a lot longer time. The later part of the Confessions can also be linked to the New Testament. Augustine was Christianized that also symbolizes rebirth, rebirth in his attitudes and views of life just as the New Testament signifies the birth of Christ, the one who is to save the people. The dark ages in Augustine’s life can be viewed as the Old Testament wherein the people lived in sin. On the other hand, Augustine’s conversion can be viewed as the New Testament wherein God provided salvation and a new birth. Thus, it can be noticed that the transition of events in the two books are also similar to each other: the conversion of Augustine to Christianity and the incarnation of Jesus Christ. Consequently, it can be said that the first part of the Confessions, like the Old Testament speaks of past events: the birth and early life of Augustine and the creation in the Old Testament. The last parts of the two books are also connected; they both speak of future events. The last part of Augustine’s Confessions stated the eagerness of Augustine to interpret the inner meanings and messages of the Bible. He ended the Confessions by referring to the Sabbath, the seventh day when God rested. Augustine refers to the Sabbath figuratively that can also be interpreted as the final rest of the soul in the presence of God, the eternal life. In the same way, the Revelation or the last book of the New Testament speaks of things to come in a metaphorical sense. Thus, it can be concluded that both the last part of the two books are to be viewed in a metaphorical way in order to understand its true meaning. The Revelation was full of symbolisms in the same way as the last book of the Confessions. Both leaves the readers time to reflect and to search for the true meanings and essence of the text in their own way. Both in the Old and New Testament of the Bible, God reveals himself to man through angels, visions and others because of the inability of man to reach Him. In the same way, Augustine sees God through the life of his mother: through her actions and advice. Both show the inability of man to reach to God in their own way and thus, it was God providing man the means of understanding and obeying Him. Another similarity is that the Bible was comprised of different books (67 books in all) that also include several chapters. In the same way, Augustine wrote several books of which each were named by their order, that is, Book 1 to 13. Each book of The Confessions is also divided in to chapters that are similar to the chapters of the books in the Bible. Thus, it can be said that parallelisms indeed occur between the Holy Bible of Christianity and the Confessions by St. Augustine both within and outside of the text. It can also be said that most Christian literatures of the contemporary time follows the same format as the Confessions in which the original pattern can be rooted to the Bible of Christianity.

Inequality of Income and Wealth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1372 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Topics: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? Income inequality has an increasing financial impact on the distribution of wealth: top income is saved at high rates, wealth concentration increases; in turn, rising income inequality leads to a higher concentration of capital income, which increases top income and wealth shares further. Income inequalities have consistently changed Americans since the American dream came true. The American Dream is founded around the concept of working strenuous and earning enough cash to provide for a family, purchase a home, being able to send children to college and make investments for retirement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inequality of Income and Wealth" essay for you Create order Economic addition in income is one of the solely viable ways to obtain enough wealth to fulfill the dreaming Unfortunately, many human beings cannot acquire this dream due to low income. Income inequality refers to the uneven distribution of profits and wealth between the social classes of American citizens. The United Country has frequently known a rise in inequality as the prosperous become richer and the poor emerge as poorer, increasing the unstable gap between the two income groups. A certain income inequality is effective as a result of it provides citizens incentives to overwork and look at new business concepts in hopes of reaping huge rewards. Vast income inequality misuse society due to bigger difference silence upward quality between generations, creating it tougher for gifted and hard-working individuals to urge the rewards they are. A widening financial gain difference harms society as a result of Americans with completely different} financial gain levels differ in their policy preferences; actual policy outcomes powerfully replicate the preferences of the foremost affluent however bear just about no relationship of poor or middle-income Americans. The most vital reason income inequality misuse society has an excessive amount of financial gain generations is that the recent winner-take-all economy helped trigger the huge recession, departure the majority with stagnant incomes. So, youll see that through an explicit quantity of income inequality is effect ive as a result of it offers individuals incentives to figure exhausting and look at new business ideas, in hopes of reaping massive rewards, harms society for 2 main reasons. First, larger difference stifles upward quality between generations, creating it tougher for proficient and hard-working individuals to urge the rewards they are. However most significantly, having an excessive amount of financial gain focused at the highest compromises the power of a democracy to provide an equal political voice to all people. Second, the wealthy are more likely to be able to afford to pay for their own wealth. Therefore, the wealthy are so much richer than they are. Given these basic truths about income inequality, its difficult to guess why there is a lot of commotion about earnings inequality in the country. Its evident that wealth can continue to increase at the hands of the rich. This is the unavoidable consequence of the market-based capitalistic economy we live in. Theres no purpose planning about it?† it constitutes what it equals, and it aint gonna move. Its a matter of time before the government is able to make money. If youre a citizen of a country, your income will be higher than the average American. So, if youre a wealthy citizen, then your income is going to be lower than the rest of the world. Thats why you need to pay taxes. The government is supposed to be a good example of how the economy is doing. The government is trying to make money from the rich, and the poor will be able to afford to pay for it. The government is going to be able to do this, and the economy will be more stable. Theres a lot of money to be spent on the economy, but it doesnt really matter. Were going to have to pay taxes, and thats what makes us happy. Were going to have to get back to the basics. Well be able to make money, and then, if youre going to buy a house, and your car is in the middle of nowhere, and you dont have a job, and thats a good thing. The government will be able to pay for it, and well be paying taxes. The government will be able to do this, and the economy will be a better place. In brief, the extent of inequality in America is habitually and grossly overstated. More significant, the main argument for this unfairness of income inequality fails because the prosperity of the wealthy does not injure the poor. Income inequality as much is not behind this issue of poverty. These wealthy, put differently, are not the reason why the poor are bad. They are not the only ones who are able to afford to pay for their own health. The rich are poor, and they are poorer. The wealthy are richer, and the rich are more productive. The poor are the ones who are the most vulnerable to poverty. There is no such thing as a good life, and it is not the fault of the poor. Income differences feeling on world Income inequality is on this increase and it is apparent at most cities throughout the United States. There are people with six to seven shape incomes and so there are people whose income is only enough to go by. This middle class is not as large as the upper and poor class. That should remain vice versa. The wealthy, the middle class and the bad. These so-called titles represent determining Americans nowadays. What constitutes income inequality and why is it the question? Income inequality is the degree to which income is spread at the population. In the United States, the disparity between the poor and the wealthy has extended vastly over the last ten years. Income inequality is a constantly debated issue nowadays with various beliefs and answers; economists, authors, and politicians all have different views. There are many factors that affect the economy, such as the economic growth of the United States, the rise of the American middle class, the lack of education, the need for a new social security, the inability to work, the ability to do things, the fear of being forced to conform to the norm. These are the factors that affect the economy, the economic system, the social structure, the environment, the people, the society, the way we live, the way we interact with our neighbors, the world, the culture, the environment, the activities, the relationships, the ways of life. These are the factors that affect the economy, the economic growth, the social security, the financial system, the governments policies, the political environment, the media, the media, the public, the press, the internet, the internet. There are many factors that af fect the economy, such as the economic recession, the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, the level of unemployment, the amount of money, the number of people who are unemployed, the percentage of the population, the age of the individual, the degree of poverty, the availability of resources, the ability to work, the education, the skills, the knowledge, the skill, the skills, the training, the support, the time, the resources, the tools, the technology. These are the factors that affect the economy, the economic growth, the unemployment rate, the level of unemployment, the amount of money, the income, the number of people, the social status, the education, the employment, the job, the jobs. There are many factors that affect the economy, such as the economic growth, the unemployment rate, the inflation, the recession, the increase in the price of goods, the demand for the products, the prices of the product. These factors are the economic, social, technological, political, economic, technological, legal, environmental, and cultural. The economic factors are the factors that affect the economy, the government, the environment, the people, the society, the way of life. The economic factors are the external factors, which are the macro environment, the political, social, technological, and environmental. The economic factors are the external forces, which are the internal and external factors. The primary catalysts of income inequality: Economists mostly attribute the increase of income inequality to three components; field replacing workers, non-college-educated forces being moved by globalisation and inadequate government planning. The variable frequently neglected, when talking about the topic, is Americas changing position on income distribution.